Ingles reported speech

REPORTED SPEECH
ESTILO INDIRECTO

Reported Speech
What is it?
Yesterday I saw my friend Pamela ! She told me that she got a promotion

How do we use it?

…… today

yesterday

Reported Speech
Es la forma que utilizamos cuando queremos contar a alguien lo que otra persona ha dicho, sin usar las palabras exactas que utilizó A menudo utilizamos el estilo indirecto para……. 1. Dar aalguien un mensaje de teléfono Eg: Ellen said she couldn’t come today because…… 2. Contar a alguien noticias que hemos oido de alguien más Eg: Tom told me that he and Karen got engaged 3. Informar de algo que sucedió Eg: Sam said that the other driver wasn’t paying attention and hit his car

Reported statements Enunciativas indirectas

How to use reported speech
Como utilizar el estiloindirecto
Hay dos formas de contar lo que una persona ha dicho: estilo directo y estilo indirecto. En el estilo directo, repetimos las palabras exactas del hablante: He said , “ I have lost my umbrella. ” Cuando utilizamos el estilo directo usamos: Verbo introductor (say, tell…) Coma Comillas

Sin embargo, cuando se utiliza el estilo indirecto, no es necesario utilizar las palabras textuales paratransmitir lo que alguien ha dicho por lo que se producen una serie de cambios. She said, “ I have forgotten my umbrella” •Desaparece la coma •Desaparecen comillas •That detrás de verbo introductor •cambios pronombres, etc •Cambios en tiempos de verbos She said that she had forgotten her umbrella

Statements in reported speech: tense changes Oraciones enunciativas indirectas: cambios verbales
AEl estilo indirecto se puede introducir por un verbo en presente He says that …….. Esto es habitual cuando: •Se cuenta una conversación que todavía continua •Se está leyendo una carta y se cuenta lo que dice •se están leyendo instrucciones y se cuentan •Se dicen afirmaciones que alguien hace muy a menudo E.g. Tom says that he’ll never get married

B

Lo normal es contarlo en pasado He said………Entonces el verbo siguiente da un salto hacia atrás y se producen los cambios que observaremos en la siguiente tabla.

Direct speech present simple I am happy I sleep present continuous I am feeling happy I am sleeping past simple I was happy I slept past continuous I was feeling happy I was sleeping

Reported speech past simple He said he was happy He said he slept past continuous He said hewas feeling happy He said he was sleeping past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect He said he had been feeling happy He said he had been sleeping

Direct speech present perfect I have been happy I have slept present perfect continuos I have been feeling happy I have been sleeping future I will be happy I will sleep future perfect I will have been happy I willhave sleep

Reported speech past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect continuos He said he had been feeling happy He said he had been sleeping conditional He said he would be happy He said he would sleep conditional perfect He said he would have been happy He said he would have slept

El past perfect permanece igual.

Cambios en los verbos modales
Direct speechCAN I can sleep MAY I may sleep WILL I will sleep MUST I must sleep Reported speech COULD He said he could sleep MIGHT He said he might sleep WOULD He said he would sleep HAD TO He said he had to sleep

Los otros verbos modales no cambian

Cuando el verbo de introducción está en present, present perfect o future podemos utilizar el estilo indirecto sin cambios en los tiempos verbales Si lafrase enuncia un hecho que sigue teniendo vigencia en el presente, no hay cambios en los tiempos verbales E.g. “John, Jason, and Nathan are British”, she said She said that Jonh, Jason and Nathan are British

Cambios en expresiones de tiempo
Direct speech now tonight today last night next week tomorrow a month ago yesterday Then That night That day The previous night/ the night before The...