Mr. Nguyen

1. a. primary treatment – solid human waste
secondary treatment – pathogens
b. primary treatment – a settling tank; incoming water is slowed so fecal matter can settle out
secondary treatment – disinfection
c. Particulates and other substances removed from wastewater during primary and secondary treatment create a significant amount of solid material which then must bedisposed of somewhere else
d. landfill – potential groundwater contamination
agricultural – incorporation of toxins/heavy metals into the food chain
e. E. coli bacteria – microfiltration using ceramic filters
f. Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)
g. Regulations have become stricter, but there is no one to enforce the regulations

2. a. Chlorofluorocarbons –refrigerators and insulation
b. When UV light waves strike CFC molecules in the upper atmosphere, a carbon-chlorine bond breaks, producing a chlorine atom. The chlorine atom then reacts with an ozone molecule breaking it apart and so destroying the ozone.
CFCl3 + UV Light ==> CFCl2 + Cl
Cl + O3 ==> ClO + O2
ClO + O ==> Cl + O2
c. major environmental consequence – an increase in UVreaching the earth’s surface
human health – skin damage and damage/reduction in efficiency of human immune system
d. ecosystem – crop damage resulting in decreased yield and decreased photosynthesis due to reduced effective solar radiation to plants

3. a. 10 × 109 barrels = 0.5 × 103 days = 500 days
20 × 106 barrels per day
b. specializedspecies – highly sensitive to environmental change
extremely cold conditions and very dry conditions – slow growth and decomposition rates
c. construction and use of drilling sites – loss/reduction of food resources
construction of pipelines and/or storage facilities – displacement of population
d. petroleum fuel products – drive less, improve efficiency, carpool, masstransit
petrochemical industry – recycling/reusing of products
e. It would not allow oil companies to drill for oil in the designated wilderness area. It is currently designated as a wilderness area.

4. a. low-level radioactive waste – low amount of radioactivity and remains dangerous for a relatively short period; has short half-life
high-level radioactive waste – high amountof radioactivity and remains dangerous for a relatively long period; has long half-life
low-level radioactive wastes are stored in barrels and high-level radioactive wastes are stored in specifically shielded containers at the site or in water pools
Uranium-235 – weapons manufacturing
b. sufficiently large to accept current and future volumes of waste, remote location farfrom human settlements, and dry climate to minimize precipitation and percolation
c. rocket to space or Sun – limited by cost, or danger of accident during launch or flight
change it to harmless or less harmful isotopes – limited by scientific capability
d. cancers/tumors – cell/tissue damage
e. ionizing radiation – x-rays, gamma rays, cosmic rays
non-ionizingradiation – radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light

5. a. California Condor – climate change and habitat loss due to urbanization
b. Migratory Bird Conservation Act – protect migratory species (whoopers only)
ban use of specific pesticides such as DDT (California Condor and whooping crane)
c. high infant mortality rate and high sensitivity to environmental conditionsd. economic – reestablish population for commercial harvest
species dangerous or destructive to humans or property
ecological – maintain biodiversity linked to keystone species
protection stresses another species that might have chance for recovery

1. Convection is the transfer of heat by the macroscopic displacement of molecules.
Conduction is the...