Presion sanguinea no invasiva

BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 57. Kelly JS, Wilhoit RD, Brown RE, James R. Efficacy of the FEF colorimetric end-tidal carbon dioxide detector in children. Anesth Analg 1992;75:45–50. 58. Nakatani K, Yukioka H, Fujimori M, et al. Utility of colorimetric end-tidal carbon dioxide detector for monitoring during prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med 1999;17:203–206. 59. Ornato JP,Garnett AR, Glauser FL, Virginia R. Relationship between cardiac output and the end-tidal carbondioxide tension. Ann Emerg Med 1990;19:1104–1106. 60. White RD, Asplin BR. Out of hospital quantitative monitoring of end-tidal carbondioxide pressure during CPR. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23:25–30. See also CHROMATOGRAPHY;
FIBER OPTICS IN MEDICINE; PERIPHERAL

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Table 1. Classification of BloodPressure for Adults Category Normal Prehypertension Stage 1 Hypertension Stage 2 Hypertension Systolic—mmHg 8 mmHg (1.06 kPa). The BHS protocol would grant a grade of A to a device if in its measurements 60% of the errors are within 5 mmHg, 85% of the errors are within 10 mmHg (1.33 kPa), and 95% within 15 mmHg (1.99 kPa). BHS has progressively less stringent criteria for the grades of B and C, and itassigns a grade D if a device performs worse than C. The European Society of Hypertension introduced in 2002 the International Protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults (17). The working group that developed this protocol had the benefit of analyzing many studies performed according to the AAMI and BHS standards. One of their motivations was to make the validationprocess simpler, without compromising its ability to assess the quality of a device. They achieved it by simplifying the rules for selecting subjects for the study. Another change was to devise a multistage process that recognized devices with poor accuracy early on. This is a pass/fail process, using performance requirements with multiple error bands. Whether blood pressure measurement devices areused by professionals or lay people, their accuracy is important.

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BLOOD PRESSURE, AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF 9. Dowling Jr NB. Measuring blood pressure in noisy environments. US patent No. 6,258,037 B1, July 10, 2001. 10. Sato T, Nishinaga M, Kawamoto A, Ozawa T, Takatsuji H. Accuracy of a continuous blood pressure monitor based on arterial tonometry. Hypertension 1993;21:866–874. 11.Matthys K, Verdonck P. Development and modelling of arterial applanation tonometry: A review. Technol Health Care 2002;10:65–76. 12. Williams B. Pulse wave analysis and hypertension: Evangelism versus skepticism. J Hypertension 2004;22:447–449. 13. Yang BH, Asada HH, Zhang Y. Cuff-less continuous monitoring of blood pressure, d’Arbeloff Laboratory of Information Systems and Technology, MIT, ProgressReport No. 2–5, March 31, 2000. Available at http://darbelofflab.mit.edu/ProgressReports/HomeAutomation/Report2-5/Chapter01.pdf. 14. Rhee S, Yang BH, Asada HH. Artifact-resistant powerefficient design of finger-ring plethysmographic sensors. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2001;48:795–805. 15. McGrath BP. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Med J Australia 2002;176:588–592. 16. National High Blood PressureEducation Program (NHBPEP) Working Group Report On Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. NIH Publication 92-3028. Reprinted February 1992. Available at http:/ /www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ health /prof/ heart / hbp/abpm.txt. 17. O’Brien E, Pickering T, Asmar R, Myers M, Parati G, Staessen J, Mengden T, Imai Y, Waeber B, Palatini P. Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society ofHypertension International Protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Pressure Monitoring 2002;7:3–17. Available at http://www.eshonline.org/ documents/InternationalPS2002.04.29.pdf. 18. O’Brien E, Waeber B, Parati G, Staessen J, Myers MG. Blood pressure measuring devices: Recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension. Br Med J 2001;398. Available at...