Protocolo De Montreal Conceptos Básicos

Protocolo de Montreal:
The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer and its amendments control the phaseout of ODS production and use. Under the Montreal Protocol, severalinternational organizations report on the science of ozone depletion, implement projects to help move away from ODS, and provide a forum for policy discussions. In addition, the Multilateral Fund providesresources to developing nations to promote the transition to ozone-safe technologies. The full text of the Montreal Protocol  is available from the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP).
OzoneDepleting Substances (ODSs):
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/3_Volume3/V3_7_Ch7_ODS_Substitutes.pdf
Ozone depletion is due to emission of halogenated compounds (ODS) and has acooling effect on the climate
• ODSs and other halocarbons that are ODSreplacements are effective greenhouse gases (GWPs range from 5 to more than 10,000) - they contribute to warming.
ODS is acompound that contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. ODS include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), halons, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, hydrobromofluorocarbons,chlorobromomethane, andmethyl chloroform. ODS are generally very stable in the troposphere and only degrade under intense ultraviolet light in the stratosphere. When they break down, they releasechlorine or bromine atoms, which then deplete ozone. 
* http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/presentations/briefing-bonn-2005-05/ozone-depletion.pdf
* http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/index.html
*http://www.epa.gov/ozone/geninfo/numbers.html
* http://www.epa.gov/ozone/geninfo/gwps.html
Hidrofluorocarbonos:
HFCs are man-made chemicals, many of which have been developed as alternatives toozone-depleting substances (ODS) for industrial, commercial, and consumer products. The global warming potentials of HFCs range from 140 (HFC-152a) to 11,700 (HFC-23). The atmospheric lifetime for HFCs...