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Algal Culturing Techniques
Algal Culturing Techniques
Edited by
Robert A. Andersen
Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
Acquisitions Editor: Frank Cynar Project Manager: Justin Palmeiro Editorial Coordinator: Jennifer Hele Marketing Manager: LindaBeattie Cover Design: Suzanne Rogers Composition: SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printer: Hing Yip Co. Elsevier Academic Press 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No partof this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333,e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress: Application submitted. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 0-12-088426-7 For all information on allAcademic Press publications visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com Printed in China 04 05 06 07 08 09
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE
VII IX
6. Traditional Microalgae Isolation Techniques
Robert A. Andersen Masanobu Kawachi
83
1. Historical Review of Algal Culturing Techniques
Hans R. Preisig Robert A. Andersen
1
7. Automated Isolation Techniquesfor Microalgae
Michael Sieracki Nicole Poulton Nicholas Crosbie
101
2. Freshwater Culture Media
Makoto M. Watanabe
13 21
3. Marine Culture Media
Paul J. Harrison John A. Berges
8. Purification Methods for Microalgae
Robert R. L. Guillard
117
4. Trace Metal Ion Buffers and Their Use in Culture Studies
William G. Sunda Neil M. Price Francois M. M. Morel
9. Isolation andPurification Techniques for Macroalgae 35
Hiroshi Kawai Taizo Motomura Kazuo Okuda
133
5. Sterilization and Sterile Technique
Masanobu Kawachi Mary-Hélène Noël
10. Perpetual Maintenance of Actively Metabolizing Microalgal Cultures 65
Maike Lorenz Thomas Friedl John G. Day
145
v
vi 11. Long-Term Macroalgal Culture Maintenance
John A.West
Contents
157
20. Analysis ofAlgal Pigments by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Robert R. Bidigare Laurie Van Heukelem Charles C. Trees
327
12. Cryopreservation Methods for Maintaining Microalgal Cultures
John G. Day Jerry J. Brand
165 21. Endogenous Rhythms and Daylength Effects in Macroalgal Development
Klaus Lüning
13. Photobioreactors and Fermentors: The Light and Dark Sides of Growing Algae 189
PaulW. Behrens
347
22. Viral Contamination of Algal Cultures
Janice Lawrence
365
14. Culturing Microalgae in Outdoor Ponds
Michael A. Borowitzka
205 219
15. Mariculture of Seaweeds
Dinabandhu Sahoo Charles Yarish
23. Control of Sexual Reproduction in Algae in Culture
Annette W. Coleman Thomas Pröschold
389
16. Counting Cells in Cultures with the Light Microscope 239Robert R. L. Guillard Michael S. Sieracki
24. Microalgal Life Cycles: Encystment and Excystment
Susan Blackburn Naomi Parker
399
17. Phytoplankton Cell Counting by Flow Cytometry 253
Dominique Marie Nathalie Simon Daniel Vaulot
25. Cultures as a Means of Protecting Biological Resources: Ex Situ Conservation of Threatened Algal Species 419
Makoto M. Watanabe
18. Measuring Growth...
Algal Culturing Techniques
Edited by
Robert A. Andersen
Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
Acquisitions Editor: Frank Cynar Project Manager: Justin Palmeiro Editorial Coordinator: Jennifer Hele Marketing Manager: LindaBeattie Cover Design: Suzanne Rogers Composition: SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printer: Hing Yip Co. Elsevier Academic Press 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No partof this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333,e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress: Application submitted. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 0-12-088426-7 For all information on allAcademic Press publications visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com Printed in China 04 05 06 07 08 09
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE
VII IX
6. Traditional Microalgae Isolation Techniques
Robert A. Andersen Masanobu Kawachi
83
1. Historical Review of Algal Culturing Techniques
Hans R. Preisig Robert A. Andersen
1
7. Automated Isolation Techniquesfor Microalgae
Michael Sieracki Nicole Poulton Nicholas Crosbie
101
2. Freshwater Culture Media
Makoto M. Watanabe
13 21
3. Marine Culture Media
Paul J. Harrison John A. Berges
8. Purification Methods for Microalgae
Robert R. L. Guillard
117
4. Trace Metal Ion Buffers and Their Use in Culture Studies
William G. Sunda Neil M. Price Francois M. M. Morel
9. Isolation andPurification Techniques for Macroalgae 35
Hiroshi Kawai Taizo Motomura Kazuo Okuda
133
5. Sterilization and Sterile Technique
Masanobu Kawachi Mary-Hélène Noël
10. Perpetual Maintenance of Actively Metabolizing Microalgal Cultures 65
Maike Lorenz Thomas Friedl John G. Day
145
v
vi 11. Long-Term Macroalgal Culture Maintenance
John A.West
Contents
157
20. Analysis ofAlgal Pigments by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Robert R. Bidigare Laurie Van Heukelem Charles C. Trees
327
12. Cryopreservation Methods for Maintaining Microalgal Cultures
John G. Day Jerry J. Brand
165 21. Endogenous Rhythms and Daylength Effects in Macroalgal Development
Klaus Lüning
13. Photobioreactors and Fermentors: The Light and Dark Sides of Growing Algae 189
PaulW. Behrens
347
22. Viral Contamination of Algal Cultures
Janice Lawrence
365
14. Culturing Microalgae in Outdoor Ponds
Michael A. Borowitzka
205 219
15. Mariculture of Seaweeds
Dinabandhu Sahoo Charles Yarish
23. Control of Sexual Reproduction in Algae in Culture
Annette W. Coleman Thomas Pröschold
389
16. Counting Cells in Cultures with the Light Microscope 239Robert R. L. Guillard Michael S. Sieracki
24. Microalgal Life Cycles: Encystment and Excystment
Susan Blackburn Naomi Parker
399
17. Phytoplankton Cell Counting by Flow Cytometry 253
Dominique Marie Nathalie Simon Daniel Vaulot
25. Cultures as a Means of Protecting Biological Resources: Ex Situ Conservation of Threatened Algal Species 419
Makoto M. Watanabe
18. Measuring Growth...
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