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Appendix

A.1
International System of Units

1767

International System of Units (Table A.1a) 1768
Alphabetical List of Units (Symbols of SI units given
in parentheses) (Table A.1b) 1769
A.2
Engineering Conversion Factors

1777

Conversion Factors (Table A.2a) 1777
Units of Area (Table A.2b) 1788
Units of Density (Table A.2c) 1788
Units of Work, Energy, Heat
(Table A.2d) 1788Units of Mass Flow (Table A.2e) 1788
Units of Volume Flow (Table A.2f) 1788
Units of Length (Table A.2g) 1788
Linear Conversion (Table A.2h) 1789
Units of Power (Table A.2i) 1790
Units of Pressure (Table A.2j) 1790
Pressure Conversion (Table A.2k) 1791
Pressure Head Conversion
(Table A.2l) 1792
Temperature Conversion (Table A.2m) 1793
Units of Time (Table A.2n) 1793
Units of Velocity(Table A.2o) 1793
Viscosity Conversion (Table A.2p) 1794
Viscosity Conversion Chart
(Table A.2q) 1796
Approximate Viscosity Conversion Chart
(Table A.2r) 1797
Units of Volume (Table A.2s) 1798
Units of Weight (Table A.2t) 1798
Weight Conversion (Table A.2u) 1798

A.3
Chemical Resistance of Materials

1799

Chemical Resistance of Materials
(Table A.3a) 1800
A.4
Composition ofMetallic and
Other Materials 1806
Composition of Metallic and Other Materials
(Table A.4a) 1806
A.5
Steam and Water Tables

1809

Dry Saturated Steam: Temperature Table
(Table A.5a) 1810
Properties of Superheated Steam
(Table A.5b) 1812
Properties of Water at Various Temperatures from 40
to 540°F (4.4 to 282.2°C) (Table A.5c) 1816
A.6
Friction Loss in Pipes

1817

Friction LossModulus for 100 ft of 1 in. Steel Pipe
(Figure A.6a) 1818
Friction Loss Modulus for 100 ft of 1.5 in. Steel Pipe
(Figure A.6b) 1818
Friction Loss Modulus for 100 ft of 2 in. Steel Pipe
(Figure A.6c) 1819
Friction Loss Modulus for 100 ft of 3 in. Steel Pipe
(Figure A.6d) 1819
Friction Loss Modulus for 100 ft of 4 in. Steel Pipe
(Figure A.6e) 1820
1765

© 2003 by Béla Lipták

1766Analytical Instrumentation

Friction Loss Modulus for 100 ft of 6 in. Steel Pipe
(Figure A.6f) 1820
A.7
Tank Volumes

1821

Capacity of Round Tanks (per foot of depth)
(Table A.7a) 1821
Capacity of Partially Filled Horizontal Tanks
(Table A.7b) 1822

© 2003 by Béla Lipták

Capacities of Various Cylinders in U.S. Gallons
(Table A.7c) 1823

A.8
Directory of “Lost” Companies

1824Introduction 1824
Alphabetic Listing of “Lost Companies”
(Table A.8a) 1825

A.1

International System of Units

The decimal system of units was conceived in the 16th century when there was a great confusion and jumble of units
of weights and measures. It was not until 1790, however, that
the French National Assembly requested the French Academy of Sciences to work out a system of unitssuitable for
adoption by the entire world. This system, based on the meter
(metre) as a unit of length and the gram as a unit of mass,
was adopted as a practical measure to benefit industry and
commerce. Physicists soon realized its advantages and it was
adopted also in scientific and technical circles. The importance of the regulation of weights and measures was recognized in Article 1,Section 8, when the U.S. Constitution was
written in 1787, but the metric system was not legalized in
this country until 1866. In 1893, the international meter and
kilogram became the fundamental standards of length and
mass in the United States, both for metric and customary
weights and measures. The tables of conversion factors presented here are intended to serve two purposes:
1. To expressthe definitions of miscellaneous units of
measure as exact numeral multiples of coherent “metric” units. Relationships that are exact in terms of the
base unit are followed by an asterisk. Relationships
that are not followed by an asterisk are either the results
of physical measurements or are only approximate.
2. To provide multiplying factors for converting expressions of measurements given...