C++ en ingles

1 C++ A Beginner’s Guide by Herbert Schildt
Module 1
C++ Fundamentals
Table of Contents
CRITICAL SKILL 1.1: A Brief History of C++ .................................................................................................... 2
CRITICAL SKILL 1.2: How C++ Relates to Java and C# .................................................................................... 5
CRITICAL SKILL 1.3:Object-Oriented Programming ...................................................................................... 7
CRITICAL SKILL 1.4: A First Simple Program ................................................................................................ 10
CRITICAL SKILL 1.5: A Second Simple Program ........................................................................................... 15CRITICAL SKILL 1.6: Using an Operator ....................................................................................................... 17
CRITICAL SKILL 1.7: Reading Input from the Keyboard ............................................................................... 19
Project 1-1 Converting Feet to Meters....................................................................................................... 24
CRITICAL SKILL 1.8: Two Control Statements .............................................................................................. 26
CRITICAL SKILL 1.9: Using Blocks of Code ................................................................................................... 30
Project 1-2 Generating a Table of Feet to Meter Conversions................................................................... 33
CRITICAL SKILL 1.10: Introducing Functions ................................................................................................ 35
CRITICAL SKILL 1.11: The C++ Keywords ..................................................................................................... 38
CRITICAL SKILL 1.12:Identifiers................................................................................................................... 39
If there is one language that defines the essence of programming today, it is C++. It is the preeminent
language for the development of high-performance software. Its syntax has become the standard for
professional programming languages, and its design philosophy reverberates throughout computing.
2 C++ ABeginner’s Guide by Herbert Schildt
C++ is also the language from which both Java and C# are derived. Simply stated, to be a professional
programmer implies competency in C++. It is the gateway to all of modern programming.
The purpose of this module is to introduce C++, including its history, its design philosophy, and several
of its most important features. By far, the hardest thing aboutlearning a programming language is the
fact that no element exists in isolation. Instead, the components of the language work together. This
interrelatedness makes it difficult to discuss one aspect of C++ without involving others. To help
overcome this problem, this module provides a brief overview of several C++ features, including the
general form of a C++ program, some basic controlstatements, and operators. It does not go into too
many details, but rather concentrates on the general concepts common to any C++ program.
CRITICAL SKILL 1.1: A Brief History of C++
The history of C++ begins with C. The reason for this is easy to understand: C++ is built upon the
foundation of C. Thus, C++ is a superset of C. C++ expanded and enhanced the C language to support
object-orientedprogramming (which is described later in this module). C++ also added several other
improvements to the C language, including an extended set of library routines. However, much of the
spirit and flavor of C++ is directly inherited from C. Therefore, to fully understand and appreciate C++,
you need to understand the “how and why” behind C.
C: The Beginning of the Modern Age of Programming
The...