Grammar

Interrogatives
¿Cómo? | How? |
¿Cuál?/¿Cuáles? | What?/Which? |
¿Cuándo? | When? |
¿Cuánto/a/os/as? | How much?/How many? |
¿Dónde? | Where? |
¿Por qué? | Why? |
¿Qué? | What?/Which? |¿Quién?/¿Quiénes/ | Who? |
1. Did you notice that all interrogatives have an accent mark?
2. An interrogative can also appear in a statement if there is an implicit question
a. “Nosé quién es esa chica del pelo largo.
¿Qué?(Asks for a definition, explanation or classification before “ser”) | ¿Cuál/Cuáles?(Asks for a selection or choice from a group before “ser’) |
¿Qué es el“guacamole”? – Una comida rica. | ¿Cuál es tu cereal favorito? – Frosted Flakes |
¿Qué es Ud. - Cristiano, judío o musulmán? | ¿Cuál es tu numeral de teléphono? – 866-862-7325 |

Subject Pronounsyo | I |
Tú | You (familiar) |
ÉlEllaUsted(Ud.) | HeShe You(formal) |
Nosotros/nosotras | We |
Vosotros/vosotras*
(*used only in Spain) | You all (familiar) |
EllosEllasUstedes(Uds.) |They(masculine)They(feminine)You all |

Conjunctions
Y (e) | And |
O (u) | Or, either |
Ni | Nor, neither |
Pero | But |
Sino | But (rather) |
* when the conjuction “y” precedes a wordthat begins with the letter “I” or the the letters ‘hi”, the “y” normally becomes “e”
* Kentucky e Indiana
* when the conjunction “o” precedes a word that begins with the letter “o” or theletters “ho”, the “o” becomes “u”
* Harriet u Ozzie
* the conjunction “pero” is replaced by the word “sino” in a negative sentence when there is a direct contradiction presented
* ElvisCrespo no es alto, sino bajo.
* If the initial part of the statement is affirmative, or if there is no contradiction presented, use “pero”
* Vamos al cine, pero no podemos cenar despuésThe Preterite of the Imperfect?
Preterite | Imperfect |
Single, complete event | Incomplete, ongoing event |
The beginning or ending point of an action | Description |
When you tell how...