IDENTIFICACION Y DESTILACION DE ALCOHOLES

IDENTIFICACION Y DESTILACION DE ALCOHOLES
Fuentes Arismendy Lina Paola
linafuentes@usantotomas.edu.co
Silva Daza Moisés
moisessilva@usantotomas.edu.co
Villalobos Jeimy Geraldine
jeimyvillalobos@usantotomas.edu.co
Velásquez Nicole Lizeth
nicolevelasquez@usantotomas.edu.co

Estudiantes de Ingeniería Ambiental
Universidad Santo Tomas
Seccional Villavicencio/Loma Linda
Tercer Semestre

RESUMENUn alcohol es el resultado de la sustitución de un hidrocarburo saturado y un átomo de hidrogeno por un grupo radical hidroxilo (-OH) (Guia del estudiante, 1996).La práctica se basó en el estudio de las propiedades físico-químicas de diferentes tipos de alcoholes y algunas de las reacciones a las que pueden ser sometidos tales como la reacción de oxidación, prueba de xantato, prueba con agua debromo, logrando diferenciar entre alcoholes primarios y secundarios.
PALABRAS CLAVES
Reacciones, oxidación, alcohol primario y secundario, destilación, punto de ebullición.
ABSTRACT
An alcohol is the result of the replacement of a saturated hydrocarbon and a hydrogen atom by a group hydroxyl radical (OH) (Student's Guide, 1996). Practice is based on the study of physicochemical properties of varioustypes alcohols and some of the reactions which may undergo reaction such as oxidation, test of xantato, test of brome water, achieving differentiate between primary and secondary alcohols.
KEYWORDS
Reactions, oxidation, primary and secondary alcohol, destilation, boiling point.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Generally, an alcohol is defined as the resultant organic compound and a saturated hydrocarbon replace ahydrogen atom with a hydroxyl radical (-OH) group. This means that, considering that the general empirical formula is an alkane CnH2n + 2 type, general alcohols empirical formula is:
CnH2n + 1 (OH)
The lower molecular weight alcohols are water soluble liquids, but this solubility decreases with increasing molecular weight or, what is the same, the length of the carbon chain. Thus, alcohols havingbetween five and eleven carbon chain are insoluble in water, but organic solvents, while the alcohols having more than eleven carbon atoms in the chain are solid and sparingly soluble in general.
They are highly flammable, so care must be taken to handle as burn easily. They are also very volatile, so when in the liquid state must be preserved in tightly closed containers.
The most importantapplications of alcohols reside in their use for making beverages and spirits, and their application in perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. (Guia del estudiante, 1996). Reactions of alcohols are essentially three types:
Rupture of the link C – O
Alkene dehydration
Synthesis of alcohols from organic halides.

Rupture of the link O - H
Ether synthesis

This reaction does not lead to necessarily etheras mayian product, since there is competition with the elimination.

Treatment with alkali metal

Williamson ether synthesis
Where L is a good leaving group
(I, Br, Cl)
This reaction gives excellent results when R 'is a methyl radical or primary because there is no competition with the elimination.

Synthesis of esters

Oxidatión




Primary alcohol

Pyridine (Py) is used to stop the reactionto the aldehyde CrO3 / H + is called Jones reagent
Secondary alcohol

Tertiary Alcohol: No rust... (Telecable; telecable, 2015)
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
Study different types of alcohols and identify their properties and corresponding reactions.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Check some properties of alcohols and synthesize some organic compounds
Differentiate between a primary alcohol and a secondary
Submit todifferent reactions alcoholic compounds.
Theoretical
An alcohol is a compound having the -OH group attached to a carbon atom can belong to a group aquilo (aliphatic alcohol) or an aromatic group (aromatic alcohol). (Sara Aldabe, Cecilia Bonazzola, Pedro Aramendia, Laura Lacreu, 2004)
The aliphatic alcohols are classified into primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol as functional group (-OH) you are...