Intervencion En Estresse

Ocupational Stress Intervention






















Sumary















































Introduction

The work is on of the source of supply human needs, such as self realization, interpenrsonal relations and survival.On the other hand, can also be a source of illness when contains risk factors forhealth and the worker does not have enough to protect these instrumental risks. According to the Brazilian Association for prevention of accidents (2000), the second cause of removal from work, in Brazil, is an occupational disease: musculo-skeletal disorders related to work, which have suffered mainly banking, metalcutting, digitizers,telemarketing, operators of Secretaries and journalists.Occupational diseases have had high incidence and led to decreased productivity, increased compensation and legal demands against employers (Ngos, 1994), in addition to damage to the quality of life of the worker. Multiple risk factors may cause occupational diseases, whether physical (e.g. excessive noise), chemicals (for example, gaseous pollutants), biological (e.g. viruses), ergonomic (for example,improper posture) or psychosocial problems (for example, lack of support from supervisors) (Durão, 1987). Psychosocial risk factors can trigger stress, understood as a complex reaction with physical and psychological components resulting from exposure to situations that exceed the person's coping resources. Is an Adaptive reaction of human organism to the ever-changing world. However, when its causesreverberate and coping resources are scarce, the stress can proceed to phases of greater gravity, when the body becomes vulnerable to various diseases. The physical and psychological stress responses will depend on the genetic heritage, lifestyle and coping strategies used by the individual as well as the intensity and duration of stressor agent (Lipp, 1996).












OCUPATIONALSTRESS
Occupational stressors are often linked to the organisation of work, as pressure to productivity, retaliation, unfavorable conditions to safety at work, training and guidance, unavailability abusive relationship between supervisors and subordinates, lack of control over the task and work-rest cycles inconsistent with biological limits (Carayon, Smith & Haims, 1999). These circumstancesrequire the worker to a high demand to reckon with. If the individual presenting a repertoire deficit of confrontation, is then triggered the occupational stress.Therefore, the higher the demand and less control, more likely will be the occurrence of stress and damage to the health of the worker (Cahill, 1996; Hurrel & Murphy, 1996; Theorell, 1999). Occupational stress has been considered a riskfactor for coronary heart disease in bus drivers (Bosma, Peter, Siegrist & Marmot, 1998;Carrère, Evans, Palsane & Rivas, burnout 1991), in education workers (Codo, 1998), work-related musculoskeletal disorders in video terminal users (NGOs, 1994), disorders of spine, shoulder and neck on forestry workers (Hagen, Magnus & Vetlesen, 1998) turnover , absenteeism and in nurses (Hemingway & Smith, 1999)and various symptoms such as headache, gastric problems, sleep disorders, irritability, and loss of concentration (Cahill, 1996). Given the human and economic losses associated with occupational stress, become necessary interventions for prevention or control. Occupational stress management programmes can be focused on the Organization of work and/or at worker (Carayon & cols., 1999; Hagen & cols.,1998; Hemingway & Smith, 1999; Rey & Bousquet, 1995). Interventions focused on organization are geared for the modification of environmental stressors, and may include changes in organizational structure, working conditions, training and development, participation and autonomy at work and interpersonal relationships at work. Individual-focused interventions aimed to reduce the impact of existing...