Intgracion Europea

Spain's integration in the european union

Economic integration in Europe: the European Union
There are 2 kinds of economic integration:
Formal Integration : FTA Free Trade, Customs Union, Single Market, the political will to boost trade
Real integration : When really improves relations between the countries that sign these agreements, often have a supranational basis.
There are also verystrong trade without formal integration process (Southeast Asia, ASEAN), although there are formal integration agreements without real integration.
The most important real integration (formal) is the European Union, born in 59 (postwar) to promote economic and political integration in Europe, there was a desire for political union in Europe.
Purpose of economic integration as a counterweightto the strong influence of USA
Proposals are not uniform:
United Kingdom: EFTA (1960), free trade area, which are the Nordic countries, UK, Austria, Switzerland and Portugal.
EEC: proposal by France and Germany (1957): common market, the Treaty of Rome in which there were only 6 countries, Italy, France, Germany and the Benelux countries (Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg).
Background:
(1952) ECSC! European Coal and Steel
EAEC (Eurotom)! European Atomic Energy
(1948) Benelux customs union of the 3 netherlands
The EEC, ECSC, EAEC, European communities were called, the EEC has reached a higher stage of development and also absorbs the EFTA countries.
The process of gradual integration horizontal (number of countries) and vertical (degree of integration achievedprogressively).
The EEC (1957) were 6 countries (see above), 9 countries in 1972 entered the United Kingdom, Denmark and Ireland, 10 in 1981 entered Greece in 1986 goes to 12, Spain and Portugal, and in 1995 becomes the European Union enter Sweden, Austria and Finland.
Integration process as conceived conditioned by all governments of the union (not see it as the same way the integration process andits limits)
Influential business cycles! the process has advanced in expansion and recession kicks in
Domestic political context of countries, scope and conditions how to take this process
Common Market! harmonize policies to improve the functioning of the free movement of capital and labor, eliminate distortions, some interest in achieving political union as the economic tool for theunion, although not very distinct.
IS the 3% of the global area, 7% world population, 31% of global GDP and 45% of international trade.
In 68 character reaches customs union, and worked the CAP (1962) and policy competition
In 87 signed the Single European Act, promotes release of K, L, and international trade in services. In 93 starts the single market is established timetable for the totalliberation of k, l and services, and also social economic cohesion arrangements between different regions of the EEC
Structural Funds (Cohesion) to harmonize disparities among member countries, also intends to reach an economic and monetary union of Europe.
Also changes occur:
Larger number of choices you can make the European Council
Increase the power of the European Parliament,coordinates, co-manages the integration without legislative capacity.
The Treaty of Maastricht
Making the single market an economic union and monetary challenge since 1993, establishing the Delors commission.
Set stage for change, ratified by member countries.
Monetary sovereignty to European monetary institutions! Supranational institutions! design and implementation of monetary policy.Coordination / harmonization of economic policy, not design, is an element policy coordinator between countries (photocopy)
3 phases:
Phase 1 (01/01/90 to 01/12/93)! Attempts to coordinate economic policies, measures and convergence criteria, design of each country of its own convergence plan.
Phase 2 (01/01/94 to 12/31/98)! Provide for measures to create necessary conditions to reach Stage 3. Take...