Músculo Esquelético Resistencia A La Insulina: Papeles Del Metabolismo De Los Ácidos Grasos Y El Ejercicio

Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance: Roles of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Exercise Lorraine P Turcotte and Jonathan S Fisher PHYS THER. 2008; 88:1279-1296. Originally published online September 18, 2008 doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080018

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Diabetes Special Issue

Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance: Roles of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Exercise
Lorraine P Turcotte, Jonathan S Fisher The purpose of this review is to provide information about the role of exercise in the prevention of skeletal muscle insulin resistance, that is, the inability of insulin to properly cause glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Insulin resistance isassociated with high levels of stored lipids in skeletal muscle cells. Aerobic exercise training decreases the amounts of these lipid products and increases the lipid oxidative capacity of muscle cells. Thus, aerobic exercise training may prevent insulin resistance by correcting a mismatch between fatty acid uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Additionally, a single session ofaerobic exercise increases glucose uptake by muscle during exercise, increases the ability of insulin to promote glucose uptake, and increases glycogen accumulation after exercise, all of which are important to blood glucose control. There also is some indication that resistance exercise may be effective in preventing insulin resistance. The information provided is intended to help cliniciansunderstand and explain the roles of exercise in reducing insulin resistance.
LP Turcotte, PhD, is Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Kinesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. JS Fisher, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO 63103 (USA). Address all correspondence to Dr Fisher at: fisherjs@slu.edu.[Turcotte LP, Fisher JS. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: roles of fatty acid metabolism and exercise. Phys Ther. 2008;88:1279 –1296.] © 2008 American Physical Therapy Association

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Skeletal MuscleInsulin Resistance

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he purpose of this review is to provide information about the role of exercise in the prevention of insulin resistance. In particular, the review focuses on the association of insulin resistance with the storage of lipids in skeletal muscle cells and discusses the abilities of aerobic exercise to decrease the amounts of these lipid products and increase the lipidoxidative capacity of muscle cells. Additionally, the short-term effects of aerobic exercise that are important to blood glucose control—such as increased glucose uptake by muscle during exercise and the increased ability of insulin to promote the storage of glucose in muscle after exercise—are discussed. Finally, information about the possible role of resistance exercise in preventing insulinresistance is presented. The information provided is intended to help clinicians understand and explain the roles of exercise in reducing insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus is essentially the abnormal regulation of blood glucose concentrations. Elevated fasting blood glucose levels or extreme or prolonged increases in blood glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (for which blood glucose...