Resumen De Diagnostico

Diagnosis and Choice of Therapeutic Approach

The questions in this chapter are whether any one type of therapy can be applied, without modification, to all children and all kinds of problems. To say each child is unique would be a cliché. Doffs it follow that no one therapeutic technique could be expected to serve all children? Related and relevant questions are as follows: What is the placeof the diagnostic interview? Should the therapist be acquainted with the child's referral problem, the psychological findings, and diagnostic appraisal? Would such knowledge tend to influence of therapist to "remake" the child, attack of symptoms, and become to intent on achieving preconceived goals? What is the therapist's value orientation, and should this be imposed on of patient?
The Axlineexcerpt presents of client-centered presents that there is a forward-moving growth process and drive toward self-realization in all persons and that the individual should be completely accepted as he is at the present moment. Consequently, prior diagnostic evaluation becomes unnecessary and no attempt should be made to remodel of child in of therapist's image or to fit the therapist's goals. Incontrast to this point of view, Rabinoviteh strongly advocates careful diagnostic evaluation prior to treatment, as a basis for selecting of appropriate type of psychotherapy. He stresses of importance of biological and psychodynamic evaluations and the integration of these findings with an understanding of family relationship. He discusses the major categories of psychiatric problems in childhood(brain damage, schizophrenia, conduct disorders, and so forth) and suggests the most appropriate approach for each type of disturbance.
Whereas Rabinoviteh addresses his discussion to broad diagnostic categories, MeClure elaborates on three "reaction types" found in maladjusted children: hysterical, obsession, and labile. She discusses each in terms of the varying strengths of superego, ego, andid impulses and suggests variations in technique for the treatment of each disorder. For a further elaboration of her approach and its extension to schizophrenic children, the reader is referred to G Solomon, "Therapeutic Use of Play."
There has been no attempt in this volume to over the treatment of psychotic children. The selection by Escalona, dealing with his topic, is included to pointout the effects of two differing approaches to a particular diagnostic syndrome. A further reason for including this selection is that it provides an excellent picture of the reactions of the psychotic child, in contrast to the neurotic, and so should help the beginning therapist be alert to signs and symptoms should they become evident in the child he is treating.
Rexford discusses the specificproblems of therapy with antisocial children, the tasks and goals involved, and the reasons why approaches that are successful with the neurotic child cannot be employed, at least in the ready stages.


Nondirective Therapy

VIRGINIA M. AXLINE

. . . Nondirective therapy is based upon the assumption that the individual has within himself, not only the ability to salve his ownproblems satisfactorily, but also a growth impulse that makes mature behavior more satisfying than immature behavior.
This type of therapy starts where the individual is am bases the process on the present configuration, allowing for change from minute to minute during the therapeutic contact, if it should occur that rapidly, the late depending upon the reorganization of the individual'saccumulated experiences, attitudes, thoughts, and feelings to bring about insight, which is a prerequisite of successful therapy.
Nondirective therapy grants the individual the permissiveness to be himself; it accepts that self completely, without evaluation or pressure to change; it recognizes and clarifies the expressed emotionalized attitudes by a reflection of what the client has expressed; and,...