Software For Data Analysis

Statistics and Computing
Series Editors:
J. Chambers
D. Hand
W. Härdle

Statistics and Computing
Brusco/Stahl: Branch and Bound Applications in Combinatorial Data Analysis
Chambers: Software for Data Analysis: Programming with R
Dalgaard: Introductory Statistics with R
Gentle: Elements of Computational Statistics
Gentle: Numerical Linear Algebra for Applications in StatisticsGentle: Random Number Generation and Monte Carlo Methods, 2nd ed.
Härdle/Klinke/Turlach: XploRe: An Interactive Statistical Computing Environment
Hörmann/Leydold/Derflinger: Automatic Nonuniform Random Variate Generation
Krause/Olson: The Basics of S-PLUS, 4th ed.
Lange: Numerical Analysis for Statisticians
Lemmon/Schafer: Developing Statistical Software in Fortran 95
Loader: Local Regression andLikelihood
Ó Ruanaidh/Fitzgerald: Numerical Bayesian Methods Applied to Signal Processing
Pannatier: VARIOWIN: Software for Spatial Data Analysis in 2D
Pinheiro/Bates: Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS
Unwin/Theus/Hofmann: Graphics of Large Datasets: Visualizing a Million
Venables/Ripley: Modern Applied Statistics with S, 4th ed.
Venables/Ripley: S Programming
Wilkinson: The Grammar ofGraphics, 2nd ed.

John M. Chambers

Software for Data Analysis
Programming with R

John Chambers
Department of Statistics–Sequoia Hall
390 Serra Mall
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305-4065
USA
jmc@r-project.org

Series Editors:
John Chambers
Department of Statistics–Sequoia
Hall
390 Serra Mall
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305-4065
USA

W. Härdle
Institutfür Statistik und
Ökonometrie
Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin
Spandauer Str. 1
D-10178 Berlin
Germany

David Hand
Department of Mathematics
South Kensington Campus
Imperial College London
London, SW7 2AZ
United Kingdom

Java™ is a trademark or registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other
countries.
Mac OS® X - Operating System software - is aregistered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other
countries.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
S-PLUS® is a registered trademark of Insightful Corporation.
UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group.
Windows®and/or other Microsoft products referenced herein are either registered trademarks or trademarks
of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.
Star Trek and related marks are trademarks of CBS Studios, Inc.

ISBN: 978-0-387-75935-7
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-75936-4

e-ISBN: 978-0-387-75936-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008922937
© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media,LLC
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY
10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in
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or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
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not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject
to proprietary rights.
Printed on acid-free paper.
987654321
springer.comPreface
This is a book about Software for Data Analysis : using computer software
to extract information from some source of data by organizing, visualizing,
modeling, or performing any other relevant computation on the data. We
all seem to be swimming in oceans of data in the modern world, and tasks
ranging from scientific research to managing a business require us to extract
meaningful...