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Darwinism
Is a set of movements and concepts related to ideas of transmutation of species or of evolution, including some ideas with no connection to thework of Charles Darwin.
The meaning of "Darwinism" has changed over time, and varies depending on who is using the term. In the United States, the term"Darwinism" is often used by creationists as a pejorative term, but in the United Kingdom the term has no negative connotations, being freely used as ashort hand for the body of theory dealing with evolution, and in particular, evolution by natural selection.
The term was coined by Thomas Henry Huxley inApril 1860, and was used to describe evolutionary concepts, including earlier concepts such as Malthusianism and Spencerism. In the late 19th century it cameto mean the concept that natural selection was the sole mechanism of evolution, in contrast to Lamarckism.
Around 1900 Darwinism was eclipsed by Mendelismuntil the modern evolutionary synthesis unified Darwin's and Gregor Mendel's ideas. As modern evolutionary theory has developed, the term has beenassociated at times with specific ideas.
While the term has remained in use amongst scientific authors, it has increasingly been argued that it is aninappropriate term for modern evolutionary theory. For example, Darwin was unfamiliar with the work of Gregor Mendel, and as a result had only a vague and inaccurateunderstanding of heredity. He naturally had no inkling of yet more recent developments and, like Mendel himself, knew nothing of genetic drift for example.