Arquitecture

Architecture
Is the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.
By the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles:
* Durability – it should stand up robustly and remain ingood condition.
* Utility – it should be useful and function well for the people using it
* Beauty – it should delight people and raise their spirits.

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs
and means. As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and architecture is the name given tothe most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

Ancient Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the rulingelite, or the state itself.
The Pyramids at Giza
The Pyramids at Giza

Asian architecture
Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. In many Asian countries a pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion), Kyoto, Japan
Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion), Kyoto, JapanIslamic architecture
Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating a blend of architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society.
The Taj Mahal (1632–1653), in India

The Taj Mahal (1632–1653), in India

The medieval builder
In Europe, in both the Classical and Medieval periods,despite the vast scale of the many religious buildings extant from this period.

During the Medieval period guilds were formed by craftsmen to organize their trade and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings.
Notre Dame de Paris, France
Notre Dame de Paris, France

Renaissance and the architect
A revival of the Classical style in architecture wasaccompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the generalist.

La Rotonda (1567), Italy by Palladio

La Rotonda (1567), Italy by Palladio

Pythagoras

Bust of Pythagoras of Samosin the Capitoline Museums, Rome |
Born | c. 570 BC Died
Samos c. 495 BC (aged around 75)
Metapontum |
Era | Ancient philosophy Region Western philosophy |
School | Pythagoreanism |
| |

Was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism.

He is oftenrevered as a great mathematician, mystic and scientist, but he is best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name. Many of the accomplishments credited to Pythagoras may actually have been accomplishments of his colleagues and successors. Whether or not his disciples believed that everything was related to mathematics and that numbers were the ultimate reality is unknown.
It was saidthat he was the first man to call himself a philosopher, or lover of wisdom, and Pythagorean ideas exercised a marked influence on Plato, and through him, all of Western philosophy.

The so-called Pythagoreans, who were the first to take up mathematics, not only advanced this subject, but saturated with it, they fancied that the principles of mathematics were the principles of all things....