Biology

Biology Unit 5 Study Guide


Microscopes
• Light Microscope: shows good details for general observations
• Electron Microscope: shows internal detail with great magnification.
•Scanning Tunneling Microscope: shows the surfaces of objects in three dimentional images.

The Cell Theory
• All living things are made of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic units ofstructure and function in organisms
• All cells arise from existing cells.


The Difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic Cells contain a nucleus and Prokaryoticslack nucleus
• Prokaryotic Cells have a cell wall that provides structure and shape to the cell, while in Eukaryotic cells have cytoskeleton
• Some Prokaryote cells have flagella but not cilia,some Eukaryote cells have flagella or cilia
• Prokaryote cells have a capsule that enables them to cling to surfaces but lack organelles such as mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ER, and lysosomesCell’s Organelles in Animals

Organelle = “little organ”
• Found only inside eukaryotic cells
• All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol
• Everything in a cell except thenucleus is cytoplasm

Cell Membrane
• Boundary of the cell
• Made of phospholypid layer

Nucleus
• Control center of the cell
• Contains DNA
• Surrounded by a doublemembrane
• Usually easiest organelle to see under a microscope
• Usually one per cell

Cytoskeleton
• Acts as a skeleton and muscle
• Provides shape and structure
• Helps moveorganelles around the cell
• Made of 3 types of filaments

Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Known as ER
• Connected to nuclear membrane
• Highway of the cell
• Rough ER: studded withribosomes, it makes proteins
• Smooth ER: no ribosomes, it makes lipids

Ribosome
• Site of the protein synthesis
• Found attached to Rough ER or floating free in the Cytosol
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