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Conditions of primitive atmosphere:
Hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, water vapor.

Miller - Urey experiment - prove hypothesis of chemical evolution.
They took all the gasesand put them sparks, and they transformed in small organic molecules (nucleotides, fatty acids, amino acids)

Evolution by natural selection: change in the gene frequency of a species over time.Requirements:
Variation, heredity, adaptation, fitness, over production and differential reproductive success.

Adaptation: variation that increases fitness.
Fitness: the ability to live longer andhave more offspring.

4 types of evidence of evolution:
Fossils, bio-geographical evidence, anatomical evidence and biochemical evidence.

Biomolecules

4cal/gr – Carbohydrates: pastas, beans,breads, cereals, fruits, and vegetables.
9cal/gr – Lipids: butter, avocado and lard.
4cal/gr – Proteins: fish, meat, pork, eggs and chicken.

Polymers Monomers
(bigmolecules) monosaccharaides
Polysaccharides glycerol (+ 3 fatty acids)
Triglycerides amino acids
Polypeptide nucleotides

Proteins: 1 or more than 1 polypeptide chains
Function ofproteins: enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters and receptors.

Polypeptide chain structure

1º sequence of amino acids in the chain
2º alpha helix and beta pleated sleets.
3º final 3-D structure of thechain

Polymers monomers
Nucleic acids nucleotides

| DNA | RNA |
Function | Genetic Information | Helps make proteins |
Sugar | Deoxyribose | Ribose |
Nitrogen base | A, T, C, G |A, U, C, G |
Number of strands | 2 | 1 |


Function: controls what enters and leaves the cell | Nucleus | Cell membrane |
Structure | Nuclear envelope with poresNucleolus- production ofribosomesChromatin- chromosomes with associated proteins | Phospholipid bio layer with proteins |
Function | Controls the cell | Controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| Passive transport |...