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Digital Signal Processing and Applications

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Digital Signal Processing and Applications
2nd edition
Dag Stranneby William Walker

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Newnes is an imprint of Elscvier

Newnes An imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill,Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 2001 Second edition 2004 Copyright © 2004, Dag Stranneby and William Walker. All rights reserved The right of Dag Stranneby and William Walker to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any materialform (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham CourtRoad, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax: (+44) (0) 1865 853333; e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete yourrequest on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’ British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Stranneby, Dag Digital signal processing and applications. 2nd ed. 1. Signal processing – Digital techniques I. Title II. Walker, William 621.3 822 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record forthis book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 6344 8 For information on all Newnes publications visit our website at: www/newnespress/com Typeset by Charon Tec Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in the United Kingdom

Contents

Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 The history of digital signal processing 1.1.1 Measurements and analysis 1.1.2 Telecommunications 1.1.3 Audio andtelevision 1.1.4 Household appliances and toys 1.1.5 Automotive 1.2 Digital signal processing basics 1.2.1 Continuous and discrete signals 1.2.2 Sampling and reconstruction 1.2.3 Quantization 1.2.4 Processing models for discrete-time series 1.3 Common filters 1.3.1 Filter architectures 1.3.2 Filter synthesis 1.4 Digital control systems 1.4.1 Proportional-integral-derivate controllers 1.4.2 Advancedcontrollers

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2 The analog–digital interface

2.1 System considerations 2.1.1 Encoding and modulation 2.1.2 Number representation and companding systems 2.2 Digital-to-analog conversion 2.2.1 Multiplying digital-to-analog converters 2.2.2 Integrating digital-to-analog converters 2.2.3 Bitstream digital-to-analog converters 2.2.4 Sample-and-hold andreconstruction filters 2.3 Analog-to-digital conversion 2.3.1 Anti-aliasing filters and sample-and-hold 2.3.2 Flash analog-to-digital converters 2.3.3 Successive approximation analog-to-digital converters 2.3.4 Counting analog-to-digital converters 2.3.5 Integrating analog-to-digital converters 2.3.6 Dither 2.3.7 Sigma–delta analog-to-digital converters

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vi Contents

3 Adaptive digital systems

3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 System structure 3.2 The processor and the performance function 3.2.1 The adaptive linear combiner 3.2.2 The performance function 3.3 Adaptation algorithms 3.3.1 The method of steepest descent 3.3.2 Newton’s method 3.3.3 The least mean square algorithm 3.4 Applications 3.4.1 Adaptive interference canceling 3.4.2...