Colombia

COLOMBIA
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is an American country located in the northwestern part of South America, organized as a unitary republic constitutionally decentralized. Itscapital is Bogota. Its area is 2,070,408 km, of which 1,141,748 km correspond to the mainland and the remaining 928,660 km2 to its maritime extension, which maintains a border dispute with Venezuela.Between 1980 and 2012 remained in dispute with Nicaragua over the sovereignty of the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, seven nearby islands and surrounding waters, disputesettled by the International Court of Justice in The Hague. With this surface Colombia is the fourth largest country in South America, behind Brazil, Argentina and Peru. Bordered to the east by Venezuelaand Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru and to the northwest by Panama; regarding maritime boundaries, borders Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic andVenezuela in the Caribbean Sea, and Panama, Costa Rica and Ecuador in the ocean Pacífico.1
Colombia is the only South American country with coastlines on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, whichhas several islands and the archipelago of San Andres and Providencia. The country is the fourth largest in land area of ​​South America, with about 46 million inhabitants, one third in population inLatin America, after Brazil and Mexico.14
Colombia is recognized worldwide for the production of mild coffee, flowers, emeralds, coal and oil, its cultural diversity and for being the second of therichest countries in biodiversity in the world.
Climate
The climate in Colombia varies from extreme cold in the snow, to warmer sea level, with two dry seasons and two rainfall for influence of thetrade winds and the intertropical convergence zone, which are in turn influenced by the effects of El Niño and La Niña.107 During the month of April, effects of wind and moisture producing two periods...