Construction

Construction

In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of human multitasking. Normally, the job is managed by a project manager, and supervised by a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or projectarchitect.
For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. People involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction site safety, availability of building materials, logistics, inconveniences caused by construction, etc. As residential (as well as allother types of construction) can generate a lot of waste, careful planning again is needed here.

House

A house is a building or structure that has the ability to be occupied for dwelling by human beings or other creatures.

Ideally, architects of houses design rooms to meet the needs of the people who will live in the house.

Most conventional modern houses will at least contain abedroom, bathroom, kitchen (or kitchen area), and a living room. The names of parts of a house often echo the names of parts of other buildings, but could typically include: Attic, basement, toilet, dining room, box-room, family room, hallway, fireplace, garage, laundry room, library, office or study, pantry, recreation room, workshop. Some houses have a pool in the backyard, or a trampoline, or aplayground.

House plan

A house plan is a set of construction or working drawings (sometimes still called blueprints) that define all the construction specifications of a residential house such as dimensions, materials, layouts, installation methods and techniques.

• Site plans are drawn to show the location of a home on the property in its context. It is an overhead view of theconstruction site and the home as it sits in reference to the boundaries of the lot. Site plans should outline location of utility services, setback requirements, easements, location of driveways and walkways, and sometimes even topographical data that specifies the slope of the terrain.


• A floor plan is an overhead view of the completed house. You'll see parallel lines that scale at whateverwidth the walls are required to be. Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths. Floor plans will also indicate rooms, all the doors and windows and any built-in elements, such as plumbing fixtures and cabinets, water heaters and furnaces, etc. Floor plans will include notes to specify finishes, construction methods, or symbols for electrical items.

•Elevations are a non-perspective view of the home. These are drawn to scale so that measurements can be taken for any aspect necessary. Plans include front, rear and both side elevations. The elevations specify ridge heights, the positioning of the final fall of the land, exterior finishes, roof pitches and other details that are necessary to give the home its exterior architectural styling.• A section cuts through the dwelling and the location of this 'cut through' is noted on the floor plan. It describes how the building will be constructed and discusses how the internal finishes are to look. Sections are used because they explain certain conditions in more detail. These conditions may include ceiling height, ceiling type (flat or vault), and window and door dimensions.Foundation

A foundation is the lowest and supporting layer of a structure. Foundations are generally divided into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations.



Shallow foundations, often called footings, are usually embedded about a meter or so into soil. One common type is the spread footing which consists of strips or pads of concrete (or other materials) which extend below...