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A Dictionary of

VIROLOGY

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

A Dictionary of

VIROLOGY
Third Edition
Brian WJ Mahy, MA, PhD, ScD, DSc
National Center for Infectious Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA 30333, USA

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Preface to the Third Edition

Since 1997, our knowledge of virology has increased rapidly, and many hitherto
unrecognized viruses have emerged either as causes of disease, or from the application of new technologies for virus discovery. In addition, the sterling work of the
ICTV since theirSixth Report in 1995 (Murphy et al, 1995) culminated in the
Seventh Report published in 2000 (van Regenmortel et al, 2000) in which the
majority of vertebrate virus families, genera and species have been reclassified
and renamed on the basis of new information, particularly that obtained from
nucleotide sequence analysis. These developments are now reflected in this third
edition, which iscompletely revised and rewritten, and follows the new rule for
naming virus species as set out in the Seventh Report. All species taxa are now italicized and have the first letter of the word capitalized. As before, I have attempted
to include the names and descriptions of all known viruses affecting vertebrates,
from humans to fish. Viruses which only infect bacteria, fungi, invertebrates orplants are outside the scope of this Dictionary. In addition to virus names, most of
the terms used in virology, as found in the literature on the subject, are also defined.
Each virus name entry begins with the taxonomic status, where possible giving the
genus to which the virus belongs. As many virus names have changed with the
publication of the Seventh Report, cross-references and synonyms areprovided liberally to assist the reader. I have also provided many citations, which have been
selected so as to provide easy entry into the literature. Space constraints made it
impossible to cite many key papers in the field, and omission of a relevant citation
should not be taken to mean that it was not considered in writing the entry.
Generally, I have chosen to cite useful reviews ofpapers which include full discussion of the literature of their subject, but occasionally publications are included
because of their particular historical significance. Following publication of the
second edition, I received useful comments and criticism from several expert virologists, and these have all been incorporated into this third edition. In addition to all
my many friends and colleagues invirology, I particularly wish to thank Emilio
Battaglia, Robin Buckland, Ulrich Desselberger, Luis Enjuanes, Jon Gentsch, Akira
Ishihama, Svetlana Marennokova, Etienne Thiry and Kazuya Yamanouchi for their
substantive contributions. As before, I take full responsibility for the contents of this
Dictionary, but there are many areas in which I am not an expert, so I invite readers to send me...