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CHARLES DARWIN
Charles Robert Darwin (February 12, 1809 - April 19, 1882) was an English naturalist who posited that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through aprocess called natural selection. The evolution was accepted as fact by the scientific community and much of the public in his lifetime, while his theory of evolution by natural selection was considered theprimary explanation of the evolutionary process to the years 1930.1 currently forms the basis modern evolutionary synthesis. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discoveries are still the foundationcharter of biology as a science, since they constitute a logical explanation that unifies observations about the diversity of life.2
At just 16 years Darwin entered the University of Edinburgh, butwas gradually putting aside his medical studies to pursue the investigation of marine invertebrates. Subsequently, the University of Cambridge gave wings to his passion for science naturales.3 Thesecond voyage of HMS Beagle strengthened his reputation as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported the ideas of Charles Lyell's uniformitarian, while publication of the diary ofhis voyage made him famous as a popular writer. Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin investigated the transmutation of species andconceived his theory of natural selection in 1838.4 Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time to conduct a thorough investigation, and his geological work had prioridad.5 waswriting up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay describing the same idea, urging Darwin to conduct a joint publication of both teorías.6
His major work, The Origin of Speciesby Means of Natural Selection, or the preservation of favorite races in the struggle for life, published in 1859, established that the explanation of the diversity observed in nature is due to...