Guias de ingles

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Table of contents

Page
1) Nouns 3
a. Countable 3
b. Uncountable 4
2) Pronouns 5
a. Personal pronouns 5
b. Possessive pronouns 6
c. Demonstrative pronouns 7
d. Reflexive pronouns 8
e. Indefinite pronouns 8
3) Adjectives 104) Articles 13
5) Adverbs 15
a. Adverbs of Manner 15
b. Adverbs of place 17
c. Adverbs of frequency 18
d. Adverbs of time 21
6) Prepositions 21
7) Conjunctions 23
8) Phonology 25
9) WH questions 26
10) Tag questions 27
11) Phrasal verbs 2812) Modals 38
13) Conditionals 46
a. First conditional 46
b. Second conditional 46
c. Third conditional 47
d. Zero conditional 47
14) Reported speech 48
15) Irregular verbs 49
16) Past tenses 53
a. Past simple tense 53
b. Past continuous tense 55c. Past perfect tense 56
d. Past perfect continuous tense 57
17) Present tenses 57
a. Present simple tense 57
b. Present continuous tense 58
c. Present perfect tense 60
d. Present perfect continuous tense 61
18) Future tenses 62
a. Future simple tense (Will Vs. be going to) 62b. Future continuous tense 65
c. Future perfect tense 65
d. Future Perfect Continuous tense 66
19) Passive voice 66
20) Prefixes and suffixes 67
21) False friends 72
22) Idiomatic expressions 73
23) Writing 76
24) Bibliography 82

Good Luck!

1) Countable and uncountable nounsa. Countable Nouns
Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:
✓ dog, cat, animal, man, person
✓ bottle, box
✓ coin, note, dollar
✓ cup, plate, fork
✓ table, chair, suitcase, bag
❖ Countable nouns can be singular orplural:
– My dog is playing.
– My dogs are hungry.

❖ We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:
– A dog is an animal.

❖ When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:
– I want an orange. (Not I want orange.)
– Where is my bottle? (Not Where is bottle?)

❖ When a countable noun is plural, we can use italone:
– I like oranges.
– Bottles can break.

❖ We can use some and any with countable nouns:
– I've got some dollars.
– Have you got any pens?

❖ We can use a few and many with countable nouns:
– I've got a few dollars.
– I haven't got many pens.

b. Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide intoseparate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "liters of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:
✓ music, art, love, happiness
✓ advice, information, news
✓ furniture, luggage
✓ rice, sugar, butter, water
✓ electricity, gas, power
✓ money, currency
❖ We usuallytreat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:
– This news is very important.
– Your luggage looks heavy.
❖ We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "a music". But we can say a something of:
– a piece of news
– a bottle of water
– a grain of rice
❖ We can use some and...