Hydraulic ram handbook

Hydraulic Ram Handbook
A guide for policy makers, technicians and users based on experiences made in the P.R. of China

by Prof. Ma Chi of Zhejiang Universitiy of Technology and Dipl. Eng. Peter Diemer of BORDA

ISBN 3-00-007996-3 (c) 2002 BORDA
Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association Association Brêmoise de Recherche et de Développement d’Outre Mer Bremer Arbeitsgemeinschaftfür Überseeforschung und Entwicklung Tel. ++49 (0)421 13718; Fax: ++49 (0)421 1655323; mail: office@borda.de

Hydraulic Ram Handbook
A guide for policy makers, technicians and users based on experiences made in the P.R. of China

by Prof. Ma Chi of Zhejiang Universitiy of Technology and Dipl. Eng. Peter Diemer of BORDA

4

Contents
Preamble 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

7 12Socio-Political Background

Prospects of water economics and its social implications in light of increased industrialisation and modernisation 12 Socio-cultural factors and their impact on a sustainable utilisation of water 26 Situation and prospects of energy production and supply in China 30 Increasing energy demand and environmental problems 34 Unbalanced development of economy andenergy supply in Eastern and Western China 36 Situation and prospects of rural energy supply and consumption 41 Rural energy policy and environmental development in China 42 Rural energy balance and potential of the hydraulic ram 44

2
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Function of the Hydraulic Ram

63

Description of the hydraulic ram 63 Water source and water lifting 71 Hydraulic ram production 80Hydraulic ram installation 91 Hydraulic ram operation and maintenance 104

3
3.1 3.2

Water Supply Systems 110
Irrigation systems 110 Drinking water supply 111

4
4.1 4.2 4.3

Technical and Economical Analysis 112
Comparison between the hydraulic ram and other water lifting system 112 Economic evaluation on water lifting scheme of the hydraulic ram by case studies 119 Overall evaluation ofpotential benefits from the hydraulic ram dissemination and improvement of the environmental protection in Zhejiang Province 130 Analysis of conventional energy saving in hydraulic ram dissemination and impact on environmental protection132 Integrated socio-economic measure combined with the dissemination of the hydraulic ram 133

4.4 4.5

5
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6

Conclusion andConsequences

136

Necessary structure 136 Necessary production capacity 138 Financial schemes 139 Development of corresponding governmental policy on this issue 140 Dissemination project procedure 141 Recommended measures 143

5

Appendix

145

Brief Introduction of Zhejiang Province145
1 2 3 4 5 6 Geography and topography 145 Climate 147 Political and administration structure 148Population 150 Energy supply infrastructure151 Economic development with emphasis on agriculture and rural industries 155

Technical Drawing of Hydraulic Ram

159

6

Preamble
Nothing in the world is softer and yielding than water, Yet, in vanquishing the solid and rigid, it has no equal, while nothing can alter it. That the week overcomes the strong and the supple; the stiff, is somethingthat everybody knows but none would maintain himself. Lao Tse

‘...Therefore, the gentle and soft is that of a higher quality because it is the lively, the flexible – such as water - and the origin of all that lives. Having mentioned water as an incarnation of the soft, the Yin, is capable of conquering the hardest -the rock.’

Karl Heinz – Pohl

The preliminary remarks to this technicalhandbook, based substantially on mutual project experiences of the Chinese partners and BORDA, shall give an intellectual impulse to the theme ‘water economy’, explain the integrated work concept of BORDA with its cooperation partners and show that environmental technologies are essentially an elemental part of a sustainable social development.

The most important and decisive conditional natural...