Petróleo
Páginas: 28 (6846 palabras)
Publicado: 29 de octubre de 2012
66 Tecnol. Ciencia Ed. (IMIQ) vol. 24 núm. 1, 2009
Tecnol. Ciencia Ed. (IMIQ) 24(1): 66-75, 66 Tecnol. Ciencia Ed. (IMIQ) vol. 14 núms.1-2,1999 2009
Simulación y optimización de una planta de separación y estabilización de gas y condensados Simulation and optimization of a gas separation and stabilization plant
Geovanny Pan-Echeverría1, Teddy Gaumer-Araujo1, DanielPacho-Carrillo2*
1Departamento 2Consultor
de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04500 México D.F. México independiente, Ingeniería y Desarrollo Independiente, Hacienda Valparaíso 54, Floresta Coyoacán, Tlalpan, 14310 México D.F. México. Tel. 9999258163 Correo-e (e-mail): dpacho@ide-mexico.com
Resumen AbstRAct The objective of a separation andstabilisation train is to receive a multiphase hydrocarbon stream and separate it into three output streams: a gas stream mainly composed by C1 to C3 plus other noncondensable gases, a condensate stream normally composed by C3 to C6+ fractions, and an aqueous stream. This processing train is also designed to prepare the gas and condensate streams for its later transport through pipelines to otherprocessing plants. Even though the fundamentals of the process are well understood and relatively simple, the design and operation of these plants present an important challenge. To ensure the optimum performance of the process it is required to determine the best relationship between the volume of condensate and the volume of gas that is recovered. This optimum relationship is a function of cost thatit is subjected to several restrictions. For instance, the condensate stream has the higher economic value and the recovered volume increases with the pressure at which the separation takes place. However, higher pressures involve operational risks and higher design costs. Additionally, the gas volume to be recovered depends on the production targets that have to be met in downstream plants wherethe gas can be used as fuel gas or as raw material in petrochemical plants. Equally important is that the thermal potential of the gas is influenced by the amount of C3 and C4 fractions on the gas, so that a higher condensate recovery can also produce a gas stream of lower quality. This paper presents the results of an optimization carried out in a gas plant. The first step on the optimisation wasthe building up of a simulation model of the whole separation and stabilisation process using chromatographic data and historic data of an existing process. Based on these data, the normal operating conditions were defined and used to calculate the actual efficiency of the separation process. Additional simulation work was carried out to study the effect of variations in pressure, temperature,and composition to determine the key variables of the process. These sensitivity studies helped to define the search region for the optimisation stage. The objective function was later defined based on mass balances and trading prices, while the restrictions were specified by maximum and minimum operating pressures production targets and calorific value. The optimisation was carried out based onSuccessive Quadratic Programming (SQP). Results suggest that it is possible to determine new operating conditions and so to increase the process profitability by maximising condensate recovery while still maintaining production targets.
El objetivo de una batería de separación y estabilización de gas es recibir una corriente multifase de hidrocarburos y producir tres corrientes de proceso: una degas (compuesta por C1-C3 más gases incondensables), una de líquidos condensados de gas (normalmente C3-C6+) y una corriente de agua. La batería debe también preparar las corrientes de gas y condensados para su posterior transporte en ducto. A pesar de que el fundamento físico del proceso es relativamente simple, el diseño y operación de estas plantas plantea un reto técnico-económico importante....
Tecnol. Ciencia Ed. (IMIQ) 24(1): 66-75, 66 Tecnol. Ciencia Ed. (IMIQ) vol. 14 núms.1-2,1999 2009
Simulación y optimización de una planta de separación y estabilización de gas y condensados Simulation and optimization of a gas separation and stabilization plant
Geovanny Pan-Echeverría1, Teddy Gaumer-Araujo1, DanielPacho-Carrillo2*
1Departamento 2Consultor
de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04500 México D.F. México independiente, Ingeniería y Desarrollo Independiente, Hacienda Valparaíso 54, Floresta Coyoacán, Tlalpan, 14310 México D.F. México. Tel. 9999258163 Correo-e (e-mail): dpacho@ide-mexico.com
Resumen AbstRAct The objective of a separation andstabilisation train is to receive a multiphase hydrocarbon stream and separate it into three output streams: a gas stream mainly composed by C1 to C3 plus other noncondensable gases, a condensate stream normally composed by C3 to C6+ fractions, and an aqueous stream. This processing train is also designed to prepare the gas and condensate streams for its later transport through pipelines to otherprocessing plants. Even though the fundamentals of the process are well understood and relatively simple, the design and operation of these plants present an important challenge. To ensure the optimum performance of the process it is required to determine the best relationship between the volume of condensate and the volume of gas that is recovered. This optimum relationship is a function of cost thatit is subjected to several restrictions. For instance, the condensate stream has the higher economic value and the recovered volume increases with the pressure at which the separation takes place. However, higher pressures involve operational risks and higher design costs. Additionally, the gas volume to be recovered depends on the production targets that have to be met in downstream plants wherethe gas can be used as fuel gas or as raw material in petrochemical plants. Equally important is that the thermal potential of the gas is influenced by the amount of C3 and C4 fractions on the gas, so that a higher condensate recovery can also produce a gas stream of lower quality. This paper presents the results of an optimization carried out in a gas plant. The first step on the optimisation wasthe building up of a simulation model of the whole separation and stabilisation process using chromatographic data and historic data of an existing process. Based on these data, the normal operating conditions were defined and used to calculate the actual efficiency of the separation process. Additional simulation work was carried out to study the effect of variations in pressure, temperature,and composition to determine the key variables of the process. These sensitivity studies helped to define the search region for the optimisation stage. The objective function was later defined based on mass balances and trading prices, while the restrictions were specified by maximum and minimum operating pressures production targets and calorific value. The optimisation was carried out based onSuccessive Quadratic Programming (SQP). Results suggest that it is possible to determine new operating conditions and so to increase the process profitability by maximising condensate recovery while still maintaining production targets.
El objetivo de una batería de separación y estabilización de gas es recibir una corriente multifase de hidrocarburos y producir tres corrientes de proceso: una degas (compuesta por C1-C3 más gases incondensables), una de líquidos condensados de gas (normalmente C3-C6+) y una corriente de agua. La batería debe también preparar las corrientes de gas y condensados para su posterior transporte en ducto. A pesar de que el fundamento físico del proceso es relativamente simple, el diseño y operación de estas plantas plantea un reto técnico-económico importante....
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