Phonology

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
Reader for First Year English Linguistics

Claire-A. Forel & Genoveva Puskás University of Geneva (chapters 1 and 2 based on Vikner 1986)

Updated by Cornelia Hamann and Carmen Schmitz University of Oldenburg March 2005

2 PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 3 1. Introduction..................................................................................................... 32. Phonetics ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1. The Speech Organs .......................................................................... 5 2.2. Consonants....................................................................................... 6 ExercisesPhonetics........................................................................................................ 20 3. Mark and Mary Brown (Segmental Phonology) 3.1 Phonemes.................... 30 3.2 Minimal Pairs.................................................................................... 32 3.3 Features ............................................................................................. 33 3.4 Allophones........................................................................................ 34 4. / ekstr? / (Syllable Structure) .......................................................................... 35 4.1 The syllable ....................................................................................... 35 4.2 Clusters ............................................................................................. 36 4.3Constraints on Syllable Formation.................................................... 40 4.4 Syllable Perception ........................................................................... 41 4.5 Syllabic Consonants.......................................................................... 42 5. Is John really a nice husband ? (Word Stress) ................................................ 43 5.1 Word andStress ................................................................................ 44 5.2 Effects of Stress on Words................................................................ 45 5.3 Stress and Oppositions...................................................................... 46 5.4 Weak Forms ...................................................................................... 47 5.5Compounds ....................................................................................... 47 6. You ate it ?! (Intonation)................................................................................ 48 6.1 The Tonic Syllable ............................................................................ 48 6.2 Emphasis........................................................................................... 49 7. Banana/-z/ again... (Connected speech) .......................................................... 50 7.1 Intra-syllabic Level ........................................................................... 51 7.2 Inter-morphemic Level...................................................................... 51 7.3 Between Words................................................................................. 52 7.4 Linking r............................................................................................ 53 Suggestions for further readings: ........................................................................ 62 References........................................................................................................... 63

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PHONETICS ANDPHONOLOGY

1. Introduction. Whereas syntax is about sentence formation, and semantics about sentence interpretation, phonetics and phonology cover the field of sentence utterance. Phonetics is concerned with how sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived (we will only look at the production of sounds). Phonology is concerned with how sounds function in relation to each other in a language....