Psicologia Educacional

ARMY POLITECHNIC SCHOOL

WENDY VANESSA ORTEGA BELLO

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

FIRST TERM

Learning Activity #1

* Explain briefly the differences between The Positivist School and The Cognitive Psychology. After that say whether The positivist School has to do with Constructivism or Behaviourism. (Pgs. 8-28)

The science of the mind or of mental states and processes is known likePsychology, others define Psychology as the science of human and animal behaviour, but also it is a discipline that grew directly out of philosophy. But psychologist abandoned their focus on the human mind in their attempts to understand and predict human behaviour.

For years psychologist were concentrated upon trying to understand how organisms lower down the hierarchy learned to performsimple tasks, and those ones were applied to higher order human learning. The thoughts and feelings of humans were considered to be inaccessible to proper scientific investigation within this paradigm and were not investigated.

Behaviourism hast its roots within positivism, and this one attempts to explain all learning in term of conditioning, well known as stimulus – response.

According tothis the target language is limited, communicative approaches have lacked of coherent theory of learning; its method is based only by repetition and substitution, followed by reinforcement by the teacher. It is passive, there is no interaction of meanings which is an important feature of communicating in a language, but at the same time making mistakes is an important part of learning, because wecan learn from them.

Behaviourism has some positive points, this one emphasises the important part played by parents and teachers in setting appropriate learning conditions and ensuring particular kinds of behavioural consequences should not be ignored.

In the other hand, Cognitive Psychology is concerned with the way in which the human mind thinks and learns, the mental processes that areinvolved in learning and how people are involved in the process of learning, hoe they think, perceive, remember and learn.
Here the learner has an active role and makes his/her own sense of the world.
It is also concerned in how people take information, process it and act upon it.
This kind of method looks for an effective learning.

Audio-lingual method tend to stress of a controlledstructural input, but on the other hand, more communicative approaches depend on the use of language for a real purpose.
It is focused on how people acquire, process and store information.

The difference is that behaviourism is only concerned on observable behaviours, but cognitive is interested in internal mental states.

Setting up the differences, I can say that behaviourism stillinfluences in our society nowadays, we cannot be conditioned (stimulus-response), we should try to make our personal sense of learning task, construct hypotheses and actively seek to confirm or disconfirm our experiments, even to anticipate what will happen in the future.

* Through a concept map, explain in detail all the aspects related to Cognitive Psychology. (Pgs. 13-28)
Learning Activity #2* Read Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs and answer the following questions: (Pgs. 33-35)
a) Which needs are considered to be of maintenance? Why?

They are:
Basic Physiological needs,
Need for safety and security,
Need for interpersonal closeness,
Need for self esteem

These ones have been considered like that, because they must be satisfied in order to survive and live anormal life.

The first is Basic Physiological; they are the basic ones like, air, food, water, warmth, sleep. We also need to feel safe, that’s why we must fulfil our Safety Needs, and we can satisfy them by having friends, family, etc.
At the same time we need to be loved and valued, so we need to please our Interpersonal closeness, that’s why sometimes people find life difficult when they are...