Síntesis De Proteínas (Inglés)

Protein Biosynthesis
In order to make proteins, some molecules called RNA are needed. RNA is a working copy of DNA. There are many types of RNA, but the most important, and the ones which interferein the protein biosynthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). mRNA is in charge of carrying the information for protein making from the nucleus of the cell tothe ribosomes. It is produced by a process called RNA transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell. rRNA is the most abundant type of RNA on cells; as part of the ribosomes, it takesplace in the translation process, by interacting with tRNA’s making the enzyme that forms the peptide bonds between amino acids. tRNA’s are in charge of carrying the corresponding amino acids to each ofthe RNA fragments, called codons.
The process for RNA synthesis or transcription begins with the binding of many transcription factors, which are proteins that control the process, such as TFIID,TFIIB, TFIIA, etc., to the TATA box, which is a DNA sequence that can be found in the promoter region, which, as it is said on its name, promotes the initiation of the transcription. Some of thesetranscription factors are in charge of melting the DNA, or the separation of the two strands that form it. After this, a protein called RNA polymerase binds to the DNA, and energy, in the form of a compoundcalled ATP is added to the system, in order to begin the process. The RNAP then begins working over the 3’ to 5’, or template, strand. It uses the nitrogen base pairing principle, as it puts thecorresponding bases according to the existent one in the DNA strand, in order to produce an exact copy of the 5’ to 3’, or coding strand. The only difference between the new RNA strand and the codingstrand is that RNA uses uracil, and not thymine to pair adenine. When the end of the transcription unit is reached, the RNAP dissociates and the new RNA strand is released. This piece is known as mRNA...