Stevia

Stevia

© 2002 Taylor & Francis

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—Industrial Profiles Individual volumes in this series provide both industry and academia with in-depth coverage of one major medicinal or aromatic plant of industrial importance. Edited by Dr Roland Hardman
Volume 1 Valerian, edited by Peter J.Houghton Volume 2 Perilla, edited by He-ci Yu, Kenichi Kosuna and Megumi Haga Volume 3Poppy, edited by Jenö Bernáth Volume 4 Cannabis, edited by David T.Brown Volume 5 Neem, edited by H.S.Puri Volume 6 Ergot, edited by Vladimír Kren and Ladislav Cvak Volume 7 Caraway, edited by Éva Németh Volume 8 Saffron, edited by Moshe Negbi Volume 9 Tea Tree, edited by Ian Southwell and Robert Lowe Volume 10 Basil, edited by Raimo Hiltunen and Yvonne Holm Volume 11 Fenugreek, edited byGeorgios Petropoulos Volume 12 Gingko biloba, edited by Teris A.Van Beek Volume 13 Black Pepper, edited by P.N.Ravindran Volume 14 Sage, edited by Spiridon E.Kintzios Volume 15 Ginseng, edited by W.E.Court Volume 16 Mistletoe, edited by Arndt Büssing Volume 17 Tea, edited by Yong-su Zhen Volume 18 Artemisia, edited by Colin W.Wright Volume 19 Stevia, edited by A.Douglas Kinghorn

© 2002 Taylor &Francis

Stevia
The genus Stevia

Edited by

A.Douglas Kinghorn
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy University of Illinois at Chicago USA

London and New York
© 2002 Taylor & Francis

First published 2002 by Taylor & Francis 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis Inc, 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001Taylor & Francis is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2002 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form orby any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in this book is true and accurate at the time of going to press. However, neither the publisher nor the authorscan accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case of drug administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to consult the manufacturer’s guidelines. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the BritishLibrary Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-16594-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-26058-9 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-26830-3 (Print Edition)

© 2002 Taylor & Francis

Contents

Preface to the series Preface Acknowledgements List of contributors 1 Overview
A.DOUGLAS KINGHORN

vii ix xi xii 1

2

Botany ofStevia and Stevia rebaudiana
DJAJA DJENDOEL SOEJARTO

18

3

Ethnobotany of Stevia and Stevia rebaudiana
DJAJA DJENDOEL SOEJARTO

40

4

Sweet and non-sweet constituents of Stevia rebaudiana
EDWARD J.KENNELLY

68

5

The phytochemistry of Stevia: a general survey
CARLOS M.CERDA-GARCÍA-ROJAS AND ROGELIO PEREDA-MIRANDA

86

6

Synthetic investigations on steviol, stevioside,and rebaudioside A, and their applications as starting materials
DARRICK S.H.L.KIM

119

7

Methods to improve the taste of the sweet principles of Stevia rebaudiana
KAZUHIRO OHTANI AND KAZUO YAMASAKI

138

8

Pharmacology and toxicology of stevioside, rebaudioside A, and steviol
RYAN J.HUXTABLE

160

9

Use of Stevia rebaudiana sweeteners in Japan
KENJI MIZUTANI AND OSAMU...