World war ii

World War II

Fascism: The term fascism was first used by Benito Mussolini in 1919 and referred to the ancient Roman symbol of power, the fasces, a bundle of sticks bound to an ax, which represented civic unity and the authority of Roman officials to punish wrongdoers. Mussolini, the founder of fascism in Italy. El Fascism is form of totalitarian dictatorship that sought to create a viablesociety by strict regimentation of national and individual lives; The conflicting interests would be adjusted by total subordination to the service of the state and unquestioning loyalty to its leader. Fascism emphasized nationalism, but its appeal was international. It flourished between 1919 and 1945 in several countries, mainly Italy, Germany, Spain, and Japan.

Axis Power: The three principalpartners in the Axis alliance were Germany, Italy, and Japan. These three countries recognized German hegemony over most of continental Europe; Italian hegemony over the Mediterranean Sea; and Japanese hegemony over East Asia and the Pacific. Although the Axis partners never developed institutions to coordinate foreign or military policy as the Allies did, the Axis partners had two commoninterests:

1) territorial expansion and foundation of empires based on military conquest and the overthrow of the post-World War I international order.

2) the destruction or neutralization of Soviet Communism.


Allied Power : The Allied Powers is the name given to the alliance of countries in opposition to the Axis Powers in World War II. The United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union werepart of the Allied Powers.

" Cash and Carry": When the war was spreading throughout Europe, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt requested the policy of "cash and carry" replace the Neutrality Acts of 1936. The revision allowed the sale of material to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash. The purpose was to holdneutrality between the United States and European countries, while still giving material aid to Britain. The Cash and Carry program helped to solve this issue and in turn Great Britain benefited from the purchase of arms and other goods. .
The program was also aimed at preventing American intervention in the war, and required the buyers to send their own ships to American ports and assume all riskin transportation. US shipping interests were forbidden from entering into conflict zones. The program also required all payments in cash currency, rather than on credit, preventing US businesses interests backing the success or failure of any warring nation. Because of the conclusion of the Nye Committee, many Americans believed that investment in a belligerent would eventually lead to Americanparticipation in war.

Lend lease Act : On 11th March 1941, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act. The legislation gave President Franklin D. Roosevelt the powers to sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers. A sum of $50 billion was appropriated by Congress for Lend-Lease. The money went to 38 different countries with Britain receivingover $31 billion. Over the next few years the British government repaid $650 million of this sum.

Atlantic Charter: The Atlantic Charter was the product of the Atlantic Conference, which was an historic meeting between President Franklin D.Roosevelt and British Prime Mister Winston Churchill. Meeting from August -12, 1941, in great secrecy aboard the U.S. heavy cruiser USS Augusta and theBritish battle cruiser HMS Prince of Wales, the two leaders and their staffs discussed the general strategy of the war against the Axis Powers they had a met at sea. They have been accompanied by officials of their two Governments, including high ranking officers of the Military, Naval and Air Services The whole problem of the supply of munitions of war, as provided by the Lease-Lend Act, for the...