Consolidation Of Peace And Security In Mali

The consolidation of peace and security in Mali |
The Arab Spring Apparently, the movement that started in 2010 in Tunisia to overthrow President Ben Ali has triggered a series of movements in the rest of the Middle East and North Africa and the spillover effect seems to be present nowadays. Egypt, which had a seemingly peaceful and short term movement, has just got its elections and now has apresident who is part of the Muslim Brotherhood. Nevertheless, not all nations have followed the Egypt steps ; for example, the case of Libya, whose leader, Muammar Gaddafi, did not leave the power until the day of his death, despite the clear dissatisfaction of the people with his government and the thousands of deaths that were taking place. The Security Council acted rapidly in the Libyanconflict, attending the emergency, the Council called the international community to act together by using the NATO forces to ensure and to enforce the peace in the region. Currently, one of the nations that could be part of the "democratic wave" is Mali. This African country today is a state with a situation similar the Sudanese one. The north is seeking for its independence; they have been callingthemselves as an independent state that wishes to be accepted by the international community. The north, controlled today by an Arab group, the Tuareg, is in an enormous economic crisis, but they control much of the country. While the Arab Spring, in general, has had as main characteristic, the overthrow of a ruler who has not shown any concern for the population and, besides, possesses a largeconcentration of power, the case of Mali is very special. Mali is a country that already had democracy within their political system, despite that, the north did not agree to what was taking place therefore the tuaregs decided to seek independence and, leaving the democratic government in the past, the northern ethnicity established sharia as the law. The "democratic wave" apparently, in Mali, isbeing modified because of democracy; the north is looking to eliminate it, and even to secede from the nation which were previously integrated. The Arab Spring, carried out by these Arabs, has revolutionized the world in which we are, several states now have a change in its history, and, seemingly, Mali will be the counterpart of the so-called Arab Spring, as soon as slowly is losing the stabilityachieved before and overthrow a democratic president. The beginning of the conflict Mali is an African country landlocked in Western Africa. Its borders are Algeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivore, Guinea, Senegal and Mauritania—these countries are part of the Sahel. Mali is among the 25 poorest countries in the world; its economy depends on gold mining and agriculture exports. Even so, Malidepends of the international aid. The African Western country was colonized by France during |
the 18th century. On 20 June 1960, Mali purchased its independence becoming the Federation of Mali. The new state was formed by Senegal and the French Sudanese; however, 2 months later, Senegal decided to be an independent state and the ex-Sudanese Republic became in the Republic of Mali on 22 September1960. During the Cold War, Mali had approaches with the Soviet Union, but a military Coup d’État ended with the government and established Moussa Traoré as a president.

After several changes its form of government Mali seemed to have no time to stabilize. However the democracy arrived until 1992, when the first elections were held. In 2002, when Amadou Toumani Toure was elected president, Maliused to be politically stable, nevertheless the instability reaches Mali at the beginning of 2012 when the Tuareg ethnicity decided to take the arms and confront the government. The Tuareg movement has rapidly grown and formed the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA for its name in French) in the northern of the country and the military Mali corps has been trying to halt the...