Documento

•Motivation

Motivation is the extend to which you make choices about (a) goals to pursue and (b) the effort you will devote to the pursuit

Behavioristic Definition

•A behavioristic psychologistlike Skinner or Watson would stress the role of rewards in motivating behavior
This reward serves to reinforce behavior
A behaviorist would define motivation as the anticipation of reinforcement .•Reinforcement

•Reinforcement theory is powerful concept for the classroom. Learners like the proverbial horse running after the carrot pursue goals in order to receive externally administeredrewards: praise , gold stars, grades, certificates, diploma, scholarships, careers, financial independence, and ultimatly happiness

Cognitive Definition
•While rewards are very much a part of the holepicture, the diference lies in the sources of motivation and in the power of self-reward .

•Three different theories ilustrate this side of motivation.
1.Drive theory: see human drives David Ausubelelaborated on six different drives: exploration, manipulation, activity, stimulation, knowledge, ego enhancement.
2.Hierarchy of needs theory: One of the most widely cited theories of motivationcomes from Abraham Maslow who elaborated a system of needs within each human being that propel us onward and upward to higer and higher attainment
3.Self –control theory: Certain cognitive psychologistcenter on the importance of people deciding for themselveswhat to think or feel or do

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

•Intrinsically motivated activities are ones for which there is no apparentreward except the activity itself. People seem to engage in the activities for their own sake and not because they lead to an extrinsic reward. Intrinsically motivated behaviors are aimed at bringingabout certain internally rewarding consequences, namely, feelings of competences, and self-determination.

•Extrinsically motivated behaviors,on the other hand, are carried out in anticipation of...