English Iv Grammar Module 2

Grammar
Module 2

Present Perfect:
We use the present perfect for:
*Actions which started in the past and continue to the present
*life experiences when the time isn’t stated
*actions thathappened in the past and we can see their results in the present
Positive:
(Object + have/has + verb in past participle + complement)
He has played football all the day.

Negative:
(Object +haven’t / hasn’t + verb in past participle + complement)
He hasn’t played football all the day.
Question:
(Have/has+ object + verb in past participle + complement + question mark)
Has he played footballtoday?

Time expressions used with the present perfect:
yet: used when something has not happened.
She hasn’t arrived yet.
since: we use it to state a starting point
I have been in Mexico since2004.
For: we use it to express duration
I have lived in Mexico for 8 years.
Ever: we use it in questions and positive statements
Have you ever been in London?
Never: We use it in negativestatements
I have never visited Germany.

Present perfect vs simple past
Present Perfect | Simple Past |
Actions which happened at an unstated time in the past
They have bought new car. (we don’tknow when) | Actions which happened at a stated time in the pastThey bought a car last month. |
Actions which started in the past and are still continuing in the presentShe has lived in Canada forthree years. (she still lives in Canada) | Actions which started and finished in the past
She lived in Canada last year. |

Comparisions:
As/Like
We use like (similar to)
to express similarity.
Sheis an artist. Like her cousin.

We use as (equal to)
to express a role or function
He works as a doctor.

Exclamations:
these are words or sentences used to express admiration, surprise, etc.To form exclamatory sentences we can use what (a/an) and how
*what (+ adjective) + uncountable/plural noun
What terrible weather
*what + a/an (+ adjective) + singular countable noun
What a...