Estudiante

Journal of Biomedical Science 12: 13–29, 2005. DOI 10.1007/s11373-004-8169-5

13

Galectin-1 receptors in different cell types
´ ´ Marı´ a T. Elola1,*, Marı´ a E. Chiesa2, Alejandra Fernandez Alberti2, Jose Mordoh1 2 & Nilda E. Fink
1

Fundacio´n Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquı´micas de Buenos Aires, Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina;2Departamento de Ciencias Biolo´gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina

Received 26 April 2004; accepted 7 September 2004 Ó 2005 National Science Council, Taipei

Key words: CD7, CD43, CD45, galectin-1, integrin, laminin

Summary Galectins are a family of animal lectins defined by two properties: shared amino acid sequences in theircarbohydrate-recognizing domain, and b-galactoside affinity. A wide variety of biological phenomena are related to galectins, i.e., development, differentiation, morphogenesis, tumor metastasis, apoptosis, RNA splicing, and immunoregulatory function. In this review, we will focus on galectin-1 receptors, and some of the mechanisms by which this lectin affects different cell types. Several galectin-1receptors are discussed such as CD45, CD7, CD43, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD107, CEA, actin, extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin and fibronectin, glycosaminoglycans, integrins, a b-lactosamine glycolipid, GM1 ganglioside, polypeptide HBGp82, glycoprotein 90 K/MAC-2BP, CA125 cancer antigen, and pre-B cell receptor. Abbreviations: CA125 – cancer antigen CA125; CD – circular dichroism; CEA –carcinoembryonic antigen; CHO – Chinese hamster ovary; C2GnT – core 2 b-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; CRD – carbohydrate-recognizing domain; CR3 – complement receptor 3; ECM – extracellular matrix; ER – endoplasmic reticulum; ERK – extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GAG – glycosaminoglycans; GM1 – GM1 ganglioside; GNTV – b-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase V; HBGp82 – human braingalectin-1binding polypeptide of 82 kD; hsp – heat shock protein; 90 K/MAC-2BP – glycoprotein of 90 kD or Mac2-binding protein; LacNAc – N-acetyl-lactosamine; LAMP-1/2 – lysosome-associated membrane proteins 1/2; LNnT – lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide; mAb – monoclonal antibody; MAPK – mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MEKK – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinasekinase; MW – molecular weight; NMR – nuclear magnetic resonance; PL – poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine; pre-BCR – pre-B cell receptor; PTP – protein tyrosine phosphatase; RCA – Ricinus communis agglutinin; SLC – surrogate light chain; SMC – smooth muscle cells; SNA – Sambucus nigra agglutinin; ST6Gal I – sialyltransferase specific for SAa2,6Gal; TCR – T cell receptor; TDG – thiodigalactoside. Galectin-1: aubiquitous galectin Galectins are a family of lectins previously known as S-type or S-Lac lectins, and they are defined by two properties: shared amino acid sequences in their carbohydrate-recognizing domain (CRD), and b*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +54-11238-7501; E-mail: melola@leloir.org.ar

galactoside affinity [1–3]. Galectins are atypical secreted proteins, since cDNA thatincludes the entire coding length has not revealed a recognizable secretion signal. Intracellularly, the galectin message is found on free cytoplasmic ribosomes and the protein is present in the cytosol and nucleus, rather than in the membrane-bound compartments usually involved in protein secretion [4]. Other particular features characterize galectins such as an

14 acetylated NH2-terminus,absence of glycosylation, and a requirement for reducing conditions for carbohydrate-binding activity. To date, 14 mammalian members of the galectin family have been sequenced and they are well characterized in different species [5–8]. Galectins can be classified according to their CRD features. Galectin-1, -2, -5, -7, -10, -11, -13, and -14 are composed of one CRD (‘prototype galectins’)....