Gastritis and ulcers in kids and teenagers, anorexia and bulimia and disorders in excretory system

Laurens institute A.C
High School

Anatomy
Investigation Report

Teacher: Laura Verastegui
Name: Demi Estefania Dominguez Valdes
3°B #1604951

Friday August 31 2012

Investigation report

Disorders in the Digestive System
Gastritis and ulcers in kids and teenagers
Definition of ulcers:
Gastritis is a condition marked by inflammation and irritation of the liningof the stomach. This condition may develop suddenly, such as in the case of acute gastritis, or gradually, as in the chronic form of the disease. Gastritis is more likely to occur in older adults but can affect people of all ages, including children. Unfortunately, gastritis can progress in some children and lead to the development of ulcers; it is even possible for stomach cancer to develop inrelation to the disease. 
What Causes Gastritis?
Gastritis can be caused by irritation due to excessive alcohol use, chronic vomiting, stress, or the use of certain medications such as aspirin or other anti-inflammatory drugs. 
What are the signs of gastritis in children?
discomfort and pain, nausea, vomiting, and belching. A child with gastritis may also appear pale and bloated. Some childrenwith this condition also sweat a good deal, have reddish or blackish stools, or exhibit irritability. Poor weight gain andheartburn may develop as signs of the condition as well.
Definition of ulcers:
A peptic ulcer is a hole in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus. An ulcer is a sore or erosion that forms when the lining of the digestive system is corroded by acidic digestivejuices.
What causes ulcers?
popular opinion used to be that peptic ulcers were caused by either living with intensive stress or frequently eating spicy foods.
Now, however, most experts agree the H. pylori bacteria is the primary cause of peptic ulcers in adults. When studies and experience concluded that children also can suffer from ulcers, it was found that, unlike ulcers occurring in adults,H. pylori wasn't seen as the culprit in most cases of childhood ulcers.

What are the signs of ulcers in children?
* Burning pain in the abdomen between the breastbone and the belly button
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Feeding difficulties
* Loss of appetite
* Weight loss
* Blood in vomit or bowel movements

Anorexia and Bulimia
If a person has a compulsion to eat, ornot to eat - a compulsion that has a negative effect on his/her mental and physical health, he/she probably has an eating disorder. The two most common types of eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
Anorexia Nervosa is defined as a psychological disorder. The patient has a distorted body image and an irrational fear of becoming overweight - so he/shedeliberately attempts to lose weight.

Effects of Anorexia Nervosa

Starvation: Starvation can have very serious effects on all major body systems and organs. The basic metabolic response to starvation is to conserve body tissues and energy. However, the body will also start to use its own tissue, including muscle and organs, for energy since the body has no food to use instead, the liverand intestines typically lose the highest percentage of their own weight during starvation, followed by the heart and kidneys which both lose a moderate amount of weight. This often causes permanent damage to the organs in the process. Because someone's heart size may be reduced, they will experience low blood pressure and a slowed pulse. It cans also lead to cardiac arrest or kidney failure. Totalstarvation is usually fatal in 8 to 12 weeks.

Dehydration: Long-term dehydration can 
ultimately lead to kidney failure.

Muscle and cartilage: Over-exercise can put a huge strain on muscles and cartilage, particularly if the exercise is concentrated on one area for long periods of time.

Bones: Osteoporosis is a loss of protein matrix tissue from bones, leaving them brittle and...