Harina de pescado en dietas para acuicultura

FA122

The Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture Diets1
R.D. Miles and F.A. Chapman2

Introduction
Fishmeal is recognized by nutritionists as a high-quality, very digestible feed ingredient that is favored for addition to the diet of most farm animals, especially fish and shrimp. Fishmeal carries large quantities of energy per unit weight and is an excellent source of protein, lipids(oils), minerals, and vitamins; there is very little carbohydrate in fishmeal.

seafood products destined for direct human consumption. The fishmeal and fish oil industries are one of the few major animal industries existing today that still relies greatly on a “hunting-and-gathering” technique. Most fish rendered into meal and oil are captured at sea. Millions of tons of fishmeal are producedworldwide. Contrary to recent popular beliefs, most fishmeal and oil are produced from sustainable, managed, and monitored fish stocks, reducing the possibility of over-fishing. The supply is presently stable at 6.0 to 6.5 million tons annually. Approximately 4 to 5 tons of whole fish are required to produce 1 ton of dry fishmeal. Peru produces almost one-third of the total world fishmeal supply. Otherprincipal fishmeal-producing countries are Chile, China, Thailand, U.S.A., Iceland, Norway, Denmark, and Japan (Table 1). Major groups of industrial fish rendered into fishmeal are anchovies, herrings, menhaden, sardines, shads, and smelts (Table 2). Fish can be processed at sea in factory ships or caught and stored until they are transported to a processing facility on the coast. Fish is ahighly perishable raw material, and spoilage will occur if it

What Is Fishmeal
Fishmeal is a generic term for a nutrient-rich feed ingredient used primarily in diets for domestic animals, sometimes used as a high-quality organic fertilizer. Fishmeal can be made from almost any type of seafood but is generally manufactured from wild-caught, small marine fish that contain a high percentage of bonesand oil, and usually deemed not suitable for direct human consumption. These fishes are considered 'industrial' since most of them are caught for the sole purpose of fishmeal and fish oil production. A small percentage of fishmeal is rendered from the by-catch of other fisheries, and by-products or trimmings created during processing (e.g., fish filleting and cannery operations) of various

1.This document is FA122, one of a series of the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: May 2006. Reviewed April 2009. Please visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. R.D. Miles, Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, and F.A. Chapman, AssociateProfessor, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences; Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that functionwith non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Millie Ferrer,Interim Dean

The Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture Diets

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Table 2. Principal fish species in fishmeal. Most of these fishes are small, bony, with high content of oil, and considered of little edible use (e.g., anchovies, herrings, capelin, menhaden). A small percentage of fishmeal is rendered from fish offal, trimmings or cuttings, and other wastes principally from filleting and canning...