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Noise Pollution
It's called noise (or noise pollution ) to excessive sound that disrupts normal ambient conditions in a particular area. While noise does not accumulate , moved or maintained over time as other pollutants , can also cause extensive damage to the quality of life of people if not controlled well or adequately .
The term " noise " refers to noise that has adverse effects onhearing health , physical and mental beings.
This term is closely related to the noise because this is when the noise is regarded as a pollutant , ie an annoying sound that can produce harmful physiological and psychological effects to a person or group of people.
The main causes of noise pollution are those related to human activities such as transportation, building construction and public worksindustries , among others.
It has been said by international agencies , you run the risk of a significant decrease in hearing , and the possibility of disorders ranging from the psychological ( paranoia, perversion ) to the physiological by excessive exposure to noise pollution .
Effects of noise on health
Auditory effects
The auditory effects caused by noise is called sociocusis . When a personis exposed to prolonged excessive noise levels , note a ringing in the ear. The damage caused by prolonged exposure are not permanent , however , if exposure to the noise source does not stop, the deafness will grow until total loss of hearing.
Not only prolonged noise is harmful 160dBA sudden sound , like an explosion or a shot , they can puncture the eardrum or cause other injuries irreversible.
Effects non-auditory
Noise pollution also affect the ear can cause negative psychological effects and other pathophysiological effects . Of course , noise and hearing no negative effects on behavior and mental and physical health depend on personal characteristics , apparently the stress generated by the noise is modulated depending on each individual and each situation.
Effectspsychopathological
More than 60 dBA .
Dilated pupils and rapid blinking .
Agitation breathing , rapid pulse and tachycardia .
Increased blood pressure and headache.
Reduced blood flow and increased muscular activity . The muscles become tense and painful , especially neck and back.
More than 85 dBA.
Decreased gastric secretion , gastritis or colitis.
Increased cholesterol and triglycerides , thuscardiovascular risk.
Increases blood glucose.
Psychological Effects
Insomnia and difficulty sleeping .
Fatigue.
Stress ( increased stress-related hormones such as adrenaline) . Depression and anxiety.
Irritability and aggressiveness.
Hysteria and neurosis .
Social isolation .
Lack of sexual desire or sexual inhibition .
All psychological effects are closely related.
Effects on sleep
Thenoise causes difficulties sleeping and awakens those asleep .
Behavioural effects
The noise produces momentary changes in behavior , which consist of aggression or show an individual with a higher degree of disinterest or irritability. These alterations , which are usually transient occurring as a result of a noise that causes restlessness, insecurity or fear in some cases.
Effects on memory
Intasks where memory is used it has been demonstrated that there is increased performance in those individuals who are not subject to noise, since this growth occurs in the activation of the subject and this in relation to performance in certain jobs , on activation produces a translated in a decrease in performance .
Effects on health
The attention makes noise is not located in a specificactivity , causing it to lose in others. Losing concentration and activity .
Effects on Pregnancy
It has been observed that pregnant mothers who have been since the beginning of her pregnancy in very noisy areas , have children who are left untouched , but if exposure occurs after five months of pregnancy , postpartum support children no noise, cry when they feel it, and at birth are smaller than...