Marihuana vs tabaco y alcohol
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Drug Control: International Policy and Options
Christian Carrion
Drugs and Crime: CJ 432
Professor Gregory Zimmerman
March 14, 2010
Drug Control: International Policy and Options
Rensselaer and Raphael (2002) noted that “more than 14 million Americans buy illicit drugs and use them at least once per month. Such drugs are to varying degrees injurious to the health, judgment,productivity and general well-being of their users. Total economic costs to U. S. society associated with drug abuse are estimated by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) to be $160 billion. The U. S. illicit drug market generates enormous profits that enable the growth of diversified international criminal organizations, and extend their reach into local neighborhoods,legitimate business, and even national governments”.
Measured in dollar value, at least four-fifths of all the illicit drugs consumed in the U. S. are of foreign origin, including virtually all the cocaine and heroin. Of the marijuana consumed in the United States, 25% to 35% is domestically produced and most of the hallucinogens and illegally marketed psychotherapeutic drugs and "designer" drugsare of domestic origin (Rensselaer & Raphael, 2002).
According to Rensselaer and Raphael (2002), the federal anti-drug initiative has two major elements: (1) reduction of demand and (2) reduction of supply. Reduction of demand is sought through education to prevent dependence, through treatment to cure addiction and through measures to increase prices and risk of apprehension at the consumerlevel. Reduction of supply (which generally accounts for about 67% of the federal anti-drug control budget) is sought by programs aimed at destabilizing the operations of illicit drug cartels at all levels and severing their links to political power, and by seizing their products, businesses, and financial assets. In FY2002 approximately 12% of the federal drug control budget of $18.2 billion wasspent on border interdiction and 6% on international assistance programs.
The primary goal of U. S. international narcotics policy is to reduce the supply of illicit narcotics flowing into the United States. A second and supporting goal is to reduce the amount of illicit narcotics cultivated, processed, and consumed worldwide. U. S. international narcotics control policy is implemented by amultifaceted strategy that includes the following elements: (1) eradication of narcotic crops, (2) interdiction and law enforcement activities in drug-producing and drug-transiting countries, (3) international cooperation, (4) sanctions/ economic assistance, and (5) institution development. In April, 2001, the President requested $882 million in economic and counternarcotics assistance for Colombia andregional neighbors as part of an Andean Regional Initiative (ARI). The enacted appropriations bill cleared by Congress on December 20, 2001, provided $783 million for the Initiative, a cut of $99 million from the President's request. The enacted bill included conditions on the use of funds for purchase of chemicals for the aerial spraying program in Colombia, limited the number of U. S. civilianand military personnel involved in Colombia to 800, and blocked funding for restoration of flights in support of the Peruvian air interdiction program until a system of enhanced safeguards is in place (Rensselaer & Raphael, 2002).
According to Rensselaer and Raphael (2002), “a long-standing U. S. official policy for international narcotics control strategy is to reduce cultivation and productionof illicit narcotics through eradication. The United States supports eradication by providing producer countries with chemical herbicides, technical assistance and specialized equipment, and spray aircraft. The U. S. Agency for International Development (AID) funds programs designed to promote economic growth and to provide alternative sources of employment for the people currently growing,...
Christian Carrion
Drugs and Crime: CJ 432
Professor Gregory Zimmerman
March 14, 2010
Drug Control: International Policy and Options
Rensselaer and Raphael (2002) noted that “more than 14 million Americans buy illicit drugs and use them at least once per month. Such drugs are to varying degrees injurious to the health, judgment,productivity and general well-being of their users. Total economic costs to U. S. society associated with drug abuse are estimated by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) to be $160 billion. The U. S. illicit drug market generates enormous profits that enable the growth of diversified international criminal organizations, and extend their reach into local neighborhoods,legitimate business, and even national governments”.
Measured in dollar value, at least four-fifths of all the illicit drugs consumed in the U. S. are of foreign origin, including virtually all the cocaine and heroin. Of the marijuana consumed in the United States, 25% to 35% is domestically produced and most of the hallucinogens and illegally marketed psychotherapeutic drugs and "designer" drugsare of domestic origin (Rensselaer & Raphael, 2002).
According to Rensselaer and Raphael (2002), the federal anti-drug initiative has two major elements: (1) reduction of demand and (2) reduction of supply. Reduction of demand is sought through education to prevent dependence, through treatment to cure addiction and through measures to increase prices and risk of apprehension at the consumerlevel. Reduction of supply (which generally accounts for about 67% of the federal anti-drug control budget) is sought by programs aimed at destabilizing the operations of illicit drug cartels at all levels and severing their links to political power, and by seizing their products, businesses, and financial assets. In FY2002 approximately 12% of the federal drug control budget of $18.2 billion wasspent on border interdiction and 6% on international assistance programs.
The primary goal of U. S. international narcotics policy is to reduce the supply of illicit narcotics flowing into the United States. A second and supporting goal is to reduce the amount of illicit narcotics cultivated, processed, and consumed worldwide. U. S. international narcotics control policy is implemented by amultifaceted strategy that includes the following elements: (1) eradication of narcotic crops, (2) interdiction and law enforcement activities in drug-producing and drug-transiting countries, (3) international cooperation, (4) sanctions/ economic assistance, and (5) institution development. In April, 2001, the President requested $882 million in economic and counternarcotics assistance for Colombia andregional neighbors as part of an Andean Regional Initiative (ARI). The enacted appropriations bill cleared by Congress on December 20, 2001, provided $783 million for the Initiative, a cut of $99 million from the President's request. The enacted bill included conditions on the use of funds for purchase of chemicals for the aerial spraying program in Colombia, limited the number of U. S. civilianand military personnel involved in Colombia to 800, and blocked funding for restoration of flights in support of the Peruvian air interdiction program until a system of enhanced safeguards is in place (Rensselaer & Raphael, 2002).
According to Rensselaer and Raphael (2002), “a long-standing U. S. official policy for international narcotics control strategy is to reduce cultivation and productionof illicit narcotics through eradication. The United States supports eradication by providing producer countries with chemical herbicides, technical assistance and specialized equipment, and spray aircraft. The U. S. Agency for International Development (AID) funds programs designed to promote economic growth and to provide alternative sources of employment for the people currently growing,...
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