Química orgánica

QUIMICA ORGANICA O DEL CARBONO

Enlace covalente

C6 1s2 2s2 2p2 n = 2 Divalente
l = 1
m = 0 C
s = +1/2

Tetravalente

C

Hibridación

C

1s2 2s2 2p2 Tetravalente

C

H H

H C H H C H CH4

H H

H H H Tetravalente

H C C C H H

H H H C
H H
HAlcanos

CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 (C5H12) CnH2n+2 ( )

Alquenos

CH3 – CH CH – CH2 – CH3 (C5H10) CnH2n ( )

Alquinos

CH3 – C C – CH2 – CH3 (C5H8) CnH2n-2 ( )

|Número de átomos de |Prefijos y numerales | | | |
|carbono |griegos | | ||
| | | | | |
|1 |Met |  | | |
|2 |Et |  |  | |
|3 |Prop |  |ano ( – )|eno ( = ) |
| | | |CnH2n+2 |CnH2n |
|4 |But |  | | |
|5 |Pent |  |  | |
|6 |Hex|  |  | |
|7 |Hept |  |  | |
|8 |Oct |  |il/ilo |ino ( ) |
| | | |CnH2n+1 |CnH2n-2 |
|9|Non |  | | |
|10 |Dec |  |  | |

Condensada Semidesarrollada Desarrollada

H H

C2H6 CH3 – CH3 H – C – C – H

H H
H H H

C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 H – C – C – C – H

HH H
ALCANOS ( )
CnH2n+2
(n=números de átomos de carbón)

I. DE ACUERDO A LA INFORMACIÓN ANTERIOR, DESARROLLA LA FORMULA CONDENSADA, SEMIDESARROLLADA Y DESARROLLADA DE LOS ALCANOS QUE SE TE INDICAN.

Metano CH4
CH4

H

H C H

H

Etano C2H6
CH3 – CH3

H H

H C C H

H H

Propano C3H8
CH3 – CH2 – CH3

H H H

H C C C H

H H HButano C4H10
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

H H H H

H C C C C H

H H H H

Pentano C5H12
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

H H H H H

H C C C C C H

H H H H H

Hexano C6H14
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

H H H H H H

H C C C C C C H

H H H H H H

Heptano C7H16
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C H

HH H H H H H

Octano C8H18
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

H H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C C H

H H H H H H H H

Nonano C9H20
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

H H H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C C C H

H H H H H H H H H

Decano C10H22
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

H H H H H H H H H HH C C C C C C C C C C H

H H H H H H H H H H

ALQUENOS ( )
CnH2n
(n=números de átomos de carbón)

II. DESARROLLA LA FORMULA CONDENSADA, SEMIDESARROLLADA Y DESARROLLADA DE LOS ALQUENOS QUE SE TE INDICAN.

Eteno C2H4
CH2 = CH2

H

H C C H

H

Propeno C3H6
CH2 = CH – CH3

H H

H C C C H

H H

Buteno C4H8
1 buteno CH2 = CH – CH2 – CH3...