Quimica; Soluciones

Chemistry
* Solutions
* Solvent: The substance present with larger amount
* Solute: The substance present in smaller amount
* Solution: a homogeneous mixture in which thecomponents are uniformly intermingled. Can be en every state of matter
* aqueous solution
* solutions with water as a solvent
* compounds:
Ionic compounds | Covalent compounds|
Cation+anion | 2 nonmetals |
High BP and FP | Low BP and FP |
Conducts electricity | Don’t conducts electricity |
Electro negativity difference >1.7 | Electro negativity differences<1.7 |

* water is a polar solvent.
* Aqueous solution in ionic compounds: when an ionic compound is dissolved in water, there is an attraction among the cation and de anion with thepartial charges of the water.
* Cation is attract by O2(δ-)
* Anion is attract by H2 (δ+)
* The partial charges are represented with: δ (delta)

* Aqueoussolution in covalent compounds: when the covalent compound collides with the water molecules, there is an attraction forming hydrogen bonds and making dissolution.

* Factors that affect rate ofsolutions
* Temperature: when the temperature increases the molecules move faster because of the kinetic energy, so the process of solution would be faster
* agitation: produces morecollisions because of the movement of the solute and solvent particles
* particles size: small pieces increase the surface area, so more collisions can occur

* heat of solutions
1.separate solute-solute particles EN
2. avoid new attraction between solute-solute EN
3. separate solvent-solvent particles EN
4. attraction between solvent and solute particles EX* The overall energy change that occurs during the solution formation is called heat of solution. It is represented with and H (enthalpy) and measured in Joules (J)

* Concentration...