Ingenieria mecanica

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JAMES CARVll !

Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook

To my daughters, Helen and Sarah

Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook
J. Carvill

IUTTERWO
E I N E M A N N
OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO

Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP200 Wheeler Road, Burlington MA 01803 First published 1993 Paperback edition 1994 Reprinted 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000(twice), 2001 (twice), 2003 Copyright 0 1993, Elsevier Science Ltd. All riehts reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (includmg photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally tosome other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England WIT 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of thispublication should be addressed to the publishers

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Carvill, James Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook I. Title 62 1

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Carvill, James Mechanical engineer’s data handbook/James Carvill. p. an. Includes index. 1. Mechanical engineering - Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. TD51.C36 62 1-dc20 92- 19069CIP ISBN 0 7506 1960 0

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For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at www.bh.com

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Typeset by Vision Typesetting, Manchester Printed in Great Britain by Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd, Somerset

Contents
Preface
Symbols used in text 1. Strength of materials 1.1 Types of stress 1.2 Strength of fasteners 1.3 Fatigue and stress concentration 1.4 Bending of beams1.5 Springs 1.6 Shafts 1.7 Struts 1.8 Cylinders and hollow spheres 1.9 Contact stress 1.10 Flat plates
2. A p p l i mechanics 2.1 Basic mechanics 2.2 Belt drives 2.3 Balancing 2.4 Miscellaneous machine elements 2.5 Automobile mechanics 2.6 Vibrations 2.7 Friction 2.8 Brakes, clutches and dynamometers 2.9 Bearings 2.10 Gears

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3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16

Reciprocating air motorRefrigerators Heat transfer Heat exchangers Combustion of fuels

126 127 i28 137 139 146 146 148 152 155 157 160 165 172 172 173 178 182 188 189 192 196 199 205 207 210 216 218 218 219 22 1 225 228 228 233 235 236 236

8 17 24 32 38 46 48 51 53
56 56 65 68 70 77 79 83 87 90 95
102

4. Fluid mechanics 4.1 Hydrostatics 4.2 Flow of liquids in pipes and ducts 4.3 Flow of liquids through variousdevices 4.4 Viscosity and laminar flow 4.5 Fluid jets 4.6 Flow of gases 4.7 Fluid machines 5. Manufacturing technology 5.1 General characteristics of metal processes 5.2 Turning 5.3 Drilling and reaming 5.4 Milling 5.5 Grinding 5.6 Cutting-tool materials 5.7 General information on metal cutting 5.8 Casting 5.9 Metal forming processes 5.10 Soldering and brazing 5.11 Gas welding 5.12 Arc welding5.13 Limits and fits
6. Engineering materials 6.1 Cast irons 6.2 Carbon steels 6.3 Alloy steels 6.4 Stainless steels 6.5 British Standard specification of steels 6.6 Non-ferrous metals 6.7 Miscellaneous metals 6.8 Spring materials 6.9 Powdered metals 6.10 Low-melting-point alloys

3. Tbennodyanmics and heat transfer 3.1 Heat 3.2 Perfect gases 3.3 Vapours 3.4 Data tables 3.5 Flow through nozzles3.6 Steam plant 3.7 Steam turbines 3.8 Gas turbines 3.9 Heat engine cycles 3.10 Reciprocating spark ignition internal combustion engines 3.1 1 Air compressors

102 I02 106 107
111

112 114 116 118 120 I24

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MECHANICAL ENGINEER’S DATA HANDBOOK

6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21

Miscellaneous information on metals Corrosion of metals Plastics Elastomers Wood...