Robotica

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Robotics
Jose Abril Vera, Erick Garcia Andrade, Walter Illescas Barreto, Juan Llivisaca Mejia Unidad Educativa Técnico Salesiano Especialidad de Mecatronica Cuenca, Ecuador
jabrilv4507@uets.edu.ec erikjavierga@gmail.com willescasb@uets.edu.ec jllivisaca4514@uets.edu.ec

Abstract—Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation and application ofrobots and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans, in hazardous or manufacturing processes, or simply just resemble humans. Many of today’s robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.

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E TYMOLOGY

The word robotics was derivedfrom the word robot, which ˇ was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Capek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921. The word robot comes from the Slavic word “robota”, which is used to refer forced labor. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word robotics was first used in print by Isaac Asimov, in his science fiction short story "Liar!”

I.I NTRODUCCIÓN IV. H ISTORY

He concept in creation of machines that could operate autonomously dates back to classical times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow substantially until the 20th century. Throughout history, robotics has been often seen to mimic human behavior, and often manage tasks in a similar fashion. Today, robotics is a rapidly growingfield, as we continue to research, design, and build new robots that serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots do jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, exploring shipwrecks, and mines.

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W HAT I S ROBOTICS ?

Robotics is the study of robots. Robots are machines that can be used to do jobs. Some robots can dowork by themselves. Other robots must always have a person telling them what to do.

Figura 1.

Example of the robot’s evolution

Stories of artificial helpers and companions and attempts to create them have a long history. The word robot was introduced to the public by the Czech ˇ writer Karel Capek in his play R.U.R. The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people called robotscreatures who can be mistaken for humans. ˇ Karel Capek himself did not coin the word. He wrote a short letter in reference to an etymology in the Oxford English Dictionary in which he named his brother Josef ˇ Capek as its actual originator. In 1927 the Maschinenmensch gynoid humanoid robot was the first and maybe the most memorable depiction of a robot ever to appear on film was played by German actressBrigitte Helm in Fritz Lang’s film Metropolis. In 1942 the science fiction writer Isaac Asimov formulated his Three Laws of Robotics and, in the process of doing so, coined the word "robotics" In 1948 Norbert Wiener formulated the principles of cybernetics, the basis of practical robotics. Fully autonomous robots only appeared in the second half of the 20th century. The first digitally operated andprogrammable robot, theUnimate, was installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them. Commercial and industrial robots are widespread today and used to perform jobs more cheaply, or more accurately and reliably, also employed in jobs which are too dirty, dangerous, or dull for humans. Robots are widely used in manufacturing, assembly, packing and packaging,transport, earth and space exploration, surgery, weaponry, laboratory research, safety, and the mass production.

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A SIMOV ’ S T HREE L AWS OF ROBOTICS

Isaac Asimov is often given credit for being the first person to use the term robotics in a short story composed in the 1940s. In the story, Asimov suggested three principles to guide the behavior of robots and smart machines....